Sandbox Reserved 1660: Difference between revisions

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'''CD1d protein''' is a molecule of the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immune_system immune system]. It is involved in presenting a lipid antigen to NKT cells. Indeed, these proteins are located on the surface of the plasma membrane of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antigen-presenting_cell APC cells]. When the recognition between the CD1d bound to its lipid ligand and the [[TCR]] of a NKT cell occurs, the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lymphocyte lymphocyte] turns out to be activated. Thus, the production of cytotoxic molecules such as Th1, Th2, [[interleukin]]-4 and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interferon_gamma INF-gamma] is triggered by this activation<ref>Joyce, S. CD1d and Natural T Cells: How Their Properties Jump-Start the Immune System. CMLS, Cell. Mol. Life Sci. 2001, 58 (3), 442–469. https://doi.org/10.1007/PL00000869.</ref>. Therefore, CD1d proteins are precursors of the adaptive immune reaction which are key activators of the NKT cells. As a result, a deficiency of CD1d proteins may lead to a deficiency of the NKT cells functioning and thus to [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autoimmune_disease autoimmune diseases] and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cancer cancers].

'''CD1d protein''' is a molecule of the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immune_system immune system]. It is involved in presenting a lipid antigen to NKT cells. Indeed, these proteins are located on the surface of the plasma membrane of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antigen-presenting_cell APC cells]. When the recognition between the CD1d bound to its lipid ligand and the [[TCR]] of a NKT cell occurs, the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lymphocyte lymphocyte] turns out to be activated. Thus, the production of cytotoxic molecules such as Th1, Th2, [[interleukin]]-4 and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interferon_gamma INF-gamma] is triggered by this activation<ref>Joyce, S. CD1d and Natural T Cells: How Their Properties Jump-Start the Immune System. CMLS, Cell. Mol. Life Sci. 2001, 58 (3), 442–469. https://doi.org/10.1007/PL00000869.</ref><ref name="affinity"/>. Therefore, CD1d proteins are precursors of the adaptive immune reaction which are key activators of the NKT cells. As a result, a deficiency of CD1d proteins may lead to a deficiency of the NKT cells functioning and thus to [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autoimmune_disease autoimmune diseases] and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cancer cancers].

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NTK cells are a subset of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/T_cell T cells] (which play a central role in the immune response) that are activated by CD1d-glycolipid complexes. α-GalCer is a potent NKT cell agonist when presented by CD1d. The stability of the CD1d-glycolipid complexes has an impact on the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cytokine cytokine] release (cell signaling). Conformational variations that would stabilize the F’-pocket (primary site of interaction with the T cell receptor, NKT TCR) might increase CD1d affinity for the NKT TCR<ref name="site"/>.

NTK cells are a subset of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/T_cell T cells] (which play a central role in the immune response) that are activated by CD1d-glycolipid complexes. α-GalCer is a potent NKT cell agonist when presented by CD1d. The stability of the CD1d-glycolipid complexes has an impact on the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cytokine cytokine] release (cell signaling). Conformational variations that would stabilize the F’-pocket (primary site of interaction with the T cell receptor, NKT TCR) might increase CD1d affinity for the NKT TCR<ref name="site"/></ref><ref name="affinity"/>.

</p>

<scene name='86/868193/Morph_3gmq_4f7c_u4681/1'>Conformational variations</scene> between CD1d no ligand and structure of bovine CD1d with bound C12-di-sulfatide.

Sandbox Reserved 1660: Difference between revisions

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 <p align="justify">
-'''CD1d protein''' is a molecule of the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immune_system immune system]. It is involved in presenting a lipid antigen to NKT cells. Indeed, these proteins are located on the surface of the plasma membrane of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antigen-presenting_cell APC cells]. When the recognition between the CD1d bound to its lipid ligand and the [[TCR]] of a NKT cell occurs, the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lymphocyte lymphocyte] turns out to be activated. Thus, the production of cytotoxic molecules such as Th1, Th2, [[interleukin]]-4 and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interferon_gamma INF-gamma] is triggered by this activation<ref>Joyce, S. CD1d and Natural T Cells: How Their Properties Jump-Start the Immune System. CMLS, Cell. Mol. Life Sci. 2001, 58 (3), 442–469. https://doi.org/10.1007/PL00000869.</ref>. Therefore, CD1d proteins are precursors of the adaptive immune reaction which are key activators of the NKT cells. As a result, a deficiency of CD1d proteins may lead to a deficiency of the NKT cells functioning and thus to [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autoimmune_disease autoimmune diseases] and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cancer cancers].
+'''CD1d protein''' is a molecule of the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immune_system immune system]. It is involved in presenting a lipid antigen to NKT cells. Indeed, these proteins are located on the surface of the plasma membrane of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antigen-presenting_cell APC cells]. When the recognition between the CD1d bound to its lipid ligand and the [[TCR]] of a NKT cell occurs, the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lymphocyte lymphocyte] turns out to be activated. Thus, the production of cytotoxic molecules such as Th1, Th2, [[interleukin]]-4 and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interferon_gamma INF-gamma] is triggered by this activation<ref>Joyce, S. CD1d and Natural T Cells: How Their Properties Jump-Start the Immune System. CMLS, Cell. Mol. Life Sci. 2001, 58 (3), 442–469. https://doi.org/10.1007/PL00000869.</ref><ref name="affinity"/>. Therefore, CD1d proteins are precursors of the adaptive immune reaction which are key activators of the NKT cells. As a result, a deficiency of CD1d proteins may lead to a deficiency of the NKT cells functioning and thus to [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autoimmune_disease autoimmune diseases] and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cancer cancers].
 </p>
@@ Line 50: / Line 50: @@
 <p align="justify">
-NTK cells are a subset of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/T_cell T cells] (which play a central role in the immune response) that are activated by CD1d-glycolipid complexes. α-GalCer is a potent NKT cell agonist when presented by CD1d. The stability of the CD1d-glycolipid complexes has an impact on the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cytokine cytokine] release (cell signaling). Conformational variations that would stabilize the F’-pocket (primary site of interaction with the T cell receptor, NKT TCR) might increase CD1d affinity for the NKT TCR<ref name="site"/>.
+NTK cells are a subset of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/T_cell T cells] (which play a central role in the immune response) that are activated by CD1d-glycolipid complexes. α-GalCer is a potent NKT cell agonist when presented by CD1d. The stability of the CD1d-glycolipid complexes has an impact on the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cytokine cytokine] release (cell signaling). Conformational variations that would stabilize the F’-pocket (primary site of interaction with the T cell receptor, NKT TCR) might increase CD1d affinity for the NKT TCR<ref name="site"/></ref><ref name="affinity"/>.
 </p>
 <scene name='86/868193/Morph_3gmq_4f7c_u4681/1'>Conformational variations</scene> between CD1d no ligand and structure of bovine CD1d with bound C12-di-sulfatide.