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<StructureSection load='1pml' size='340' side='right'caption='[[1pml]], [[Resolution|resolution]] 2.38&Aring;' scene=''>
<StructureSection load='1pml' size='340' side='right'caption='[[1pml]], [[Resolution|resolution]] 2.38&Aring;' scene=''>
== Structural highlights ==
== Structural highlights ==
<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[1pml]] is a 3 chain structure with sequence from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human Human]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=1PML OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=1PML FirstGlance]. <br>
<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[1pml]] is a 3 chain structure with sequence from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homo_sapiens Homo sapiens]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=1PML OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=1PML FirstGlance]. <br>
</td></tr><tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="ligandDat"><scene name='pdbligand=CL:CHLORIDE+ION'>CL</scene></td></tr>
</td></tr><tr id='method'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Empirical_models|Method:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="methodDat">X-ray diffraction, [[Resolution|Resolution]] 2.38&#8491;</td></tr>
<tr id='activity'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Activity:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/T-plasminogen_activator T-plasminogen activator], with EC number [https://www.brenda-enzymes.info/php/result_flat.php4?ecno=3.4.21.68 3.4.21.68] </span></td></tr>
<tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="ligandDat"><scene name='pdbligand=CL:CHLORIDE+ION'>CL</scene></td></tr>
<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=1pml FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=1pml OCA], [https://pdbe.org/1pml PDBe], [https://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=1pml RCSB], [https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/1pml PDBsum], [https://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=1pml ProSAT]</span></td></tr>
<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=1pml FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=1pml OCA], [https://pdbe.org/1pml PDBe], [https://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=1pml RCSB], [https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/1pml PDBsum], [https://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=1pml ProSAT]</span></td></tr>
</table>
</table>
== Disease ==
== Disease ==
[[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/TPA_HUMAN TPA_HUMAN]] Note=Increased activity of TPA results in increased fibrinolysis of fibrin blood clots that is associated with excessive bleeding. Defective release of TPA results in hypofibrinolysis that can lead to thrombosis or embolism.  
[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/TPA_HUMAN TPA_HUMAN] Note=Increased activity of TPA results in increased fibrinolysis of fibrin blood clots that is associated with excessive bleeding. Defective release of TPA results in hypofibrinolysis that can lead to thrombosis or embolism.
== Function ==
== Function ==
[[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/TPA_HUMAN TPA_HUMAN]] Converts the abundant, but inactive, zymogen plasminogen to plasmin by hydrolyzing a single Arg-Val bond in plasminogen. By controlling plasmin-mediated proteolysis, it plays an important role in tissue remodeling and degradation, in cell migration and many other physiopathological events. Plays a direct role in facilitating neuronal migration.  
[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/TPA_HUMAN TPA_HUMAN] Converts the abundant, but inactive, zymogen plasminogen to plasmin by hydrolyzing a single Arg-Val bond in plasminogen. By controlling plasmin-mediated proteolysis, it plays an important role in tissue remodeling and degradation, in cell migration and many other physiopathological events. Plays a direct role in facilitating neuronal migration.
== Evolutionary Conservation ==
== Evolutionary Conservation ==
[[Image:Consurf_key_small.gif|200px|right]]
[[Image:Consurf_key_small.gif|200px|right]]
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</jmol>, as determined by [http://consurfdb.tau.ac.il/ ConSurfDB]. You may read the [[Conservation%2C_Evolutionary|explanation]] of the method and the full data available from [http://bental.tau.ac.il/new_ConSurfDB/main_output.php?pdb_ID=1pml ConSurf].
</jmol>, as determined by [http://consurfdb.tau.ac.il/ ConSurfDB]. You may read the [[Conservation%2C_Evolutionary|explanation]] of the method and the full data available from [http://bental.tau.ac.il/new_ConSurfDB/main_output.php?pdb_ID=1pml ConSurf].
<div style="clear:both"></div>
<div style="clear:both"></div>
<div style="background-color:#fffaf0;">
== Publication Abstract from PubMed ==
The crystal structure of a monoclinic form of human plasminogen kringle 4 (PGK4) has been solved by molecular replacement using the orthorthombic structure as a model and it has been refined by restrained least-squares methods to an R factor of 16.4% at 2.25 A resolution. The X-PLOR structure of kringle 2 of tissue plasminogen activator (t-PAK2) has been refined further using PROFFT (R = 14.5% at 2.38 A resolution). The PGK4 structure has 2 and t-PAK2 has 3 independent molecules in the asymmetric unit. There are 5 different noncrystallographic symmetry "dimers" in PGK4. Three make extensive kringle-kringle interactions related by noncrystallographic 2(1) screw axes without blocking the lysine binding site. Such associations may occur in multikringle structures such as prothrombin, hepatocyte growth factor, plasminogen (PG), and apolipoprotein [a]. The t-PAK2 structure also has noncrystallographic screw symmetry (3(1)) and mimics fibrin binding mode by having lysine of one molecule interacting electrostatically with the lysine binding site of another kringle. This ligand-like binding interaction may be important in kringle-kringle interactions involving non-lysine binding kringles with lysine or pseudo-lysine binding sites. Electrostatic intermolecular interactions involving the lysine binding site are also found in the crystal structures of PGK1 and orthorhombic PGK4. Anions associate with the cationic centers of these and t-PAK2 that appear to be more than occasional components of lysine binding site regions.
Kringle-kringle interactions in multimer kringle structures.,Padmanabhan K, Wu TP, Ravichandran KG, Tulinsky A Protein Sci. 1994 Jun;3(6):898-910. PMID:8069221<ref>PMID:8069221</ref>
From MEDLINE&reg;/PubMed&reg;, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.<br>
</div>
<div class="pdbe-citations 1pml" style="background-color:#fffaf0;"></div>


==See Also==
==See Also==
*[[Plasminogen 3D structures|Plasminogen 3D structures]]
*[[Plasminogen 3D structures|Plasminogen 3D structures]]
*[[Plasminogen activator|Plasminogen activator]]
*[[Plasminogen activator|Plasminogen activator]]
== References ==
<references/>
__TOC__
__TOC__
</StructureSection>
</StructureSection>
[[Category: Human]]
[[Category: Homo sapiens]]
[[Category: Large Structures]]
[[Category: Large Structures]]
[[Category: T-plasminogen activator]]
[[Category: Padmanabhan K]]
[[Category: Padmanabhan, K]]
[[Category: Tulinsky A]]
[[Category: Tulinsky, A]]

Revision as of 05:56, 17 April 2024

KRINGLE-KRINGLE INTERACTIONS IN MULTIMER KRINGLE STRUCTURES

1pml, resolution 2.38Å

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