Enkephalin: Difference between revisions
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Decreased plasma met-enkephalin levels are vasogenic mediators in Systemic Sclerosis (SSc), and will associate with clinical manifestations of SSc-related vascular and fibrogenic injuries<ref>McNearney TA, Sluka KA, Ahn C, Reveille JD, Fischbach M, Mayes MD. Plasma endogenous enkephalin levels in early systemic sclerosis: clinical and laboratory associations. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2010;28(2 Suppl 58):S7-S11.</ref>. | Decreased plasma met-enkephalin levels are vasogenic mediators in Systemic Sclerosis (SSc), and will associate with clinical manifestations of SSc-related vascular and fibrogenic injuries<ref>McNearney TA, Sluka KA, Ahn C, Reveille JD, Fischbach M, Mayes MD. Plasma endogenous enkephalin levels in early systemic sclerosis: clinical and laboratory associations. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2010;28(2 Suppl 58):S7-S11.</ref>. | ||
Proenkephalin (PENK) represents a novel biomarker for kidney function. PENK plasma concentration appears to accurately represent glomerular filtration rate in patients diagnosed with sepsis or cardiac diseases. Increased PENK concentration is found to be associated with Accurate Kidney Injury and cardiac diseases. Moreover, the predominant receptor of enkephalins, the δ-opioid receptor, is expressed with the highest density in the kidney, suggesting that enkephalins could also exert a direct effect on kidney function<ref>Remi Beunders, Joachim Struck, Alan H B Wu, Alexander Zarbock, Salvatore Di Somma, Ravindra L Mehta, Jay L Koyner, Mitra K Nadim, Alan S Maisel, Patrick T Murray, Sean-Xavier Neath, Allan Jaffe, Peter Pickkers, Proenkephalin (PENK) as a Novel Biomarker for Kidney Function, The Journal of Applied Laboratory Medicine, Volume 2, Issue 3, 1 November 2017, Pages 400–412, https://doi.org/10.1373/jalm.2017.023598</ref>. | |||
== Clinical relevance == | == Clinical relevance == | ||
