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==Resonance assignments and structure determination of poneritoxin, omega-PONTX-Ae1a, from Anochetus emarginatus==
==Resonance assignments and structure determination of poneritoxin, omega-PONTX-Ae1a, from Anochetus emarginatus==
<StructureSection load='2nbc' size='340' side='right'caption='[[2nbc]], [[NMR_Ensembles_of_Models | 20 NMR models]]' scene=''>
<StructureSection load='2nbc' size='340' side='right'caption='[[2nbc]]' scene=''>
== Structural highlights ==
== Structural highlights ==
<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[2nbc]] is a 1 chain structure with sequence from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anochetus_emarginatus Anochetus emarginatus]. Full experimental information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=2NBC OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=2NBC FirstGlance]. <br>
<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[2nbc]] is a 1 chain structure with sequence from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anochetus_emarginatus Anochetus emarginatus]. Full experimental information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=2NBC OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=2NBC FirstGlance]. <br>
</td></tr><tr id='NonStdRes'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Non-Standard_Residue|NonStd Res:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><scene name='pdbligand=NH2:AMINO+GROUP'>NH2</scene></td></tr>
</td></tr><tr id='method'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Empirical_models|Method:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="methodDat">Solution NMR</td></tr>
<tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="ligandDat"><scene name='pdbligand=NH2:AMINO+GROUP'>NH2</scene></td></tr>
<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=2nbc FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=2nbc OCA], [https://pdbe.org/2nbc PDBe], [https://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=2nbc RCSB], [https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/2nbc PDBsum], [https://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=2nbc ProSAT]</span></td></tr>
<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=2nbc FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=2nbc OCA], [https://pdbe.org/2nbc PDBe], [https://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=2nbc RCSB], [https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/2nbc PDBsum], [https://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=2nbc ProSAT]</span></td></tr>
</table>
</table>
<div style="background-color:#fffaf0;">
== Function ==
== Publication Abstract from PubMed ==
[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/PON1A_ANOEM PON1A_ANOEM]
BACKGROUND: Most ant venoms consist predominantly of small linear peptides, although some contain disulfide-linked peptides as minor components. However, in striking contrast to other ant species, some Anochetus venoms are composed primarily of disulfide-rich peptides. In this study, we investigated the venom of the ant Anochetus emarginatus with the aim of exploring these novel disulfide-rich peptides. METHODS: The venom peptidome was initially investigated using a combination of reversed-phase HPLC and mass spectrometry, then the amino acid sequences of the major peptides were determined using a combination of Edman degradation and de novo MS/MS sequencing. We focused on one of these peptides, U1-PONTX-Ae1a (Ae1a), because of its novel sequence, which we predicted would form a novel 3D fold. Ae1a was chemically synthesized using Fmoc chemistry and its 3D structure was elucidated using NMR spectroscopy. The peptide was then tested for insecticidal activity and its effect on a range of human ion channels. RESULTS: Seven peptides named poneritoxins (PONTXs) were isolated and sequenced. The three-dimensional structure of synthetic Ae1a revealed a novel, compact scaffold in which a C-terminal beta-hairpin is connected to the N-terminal region via two disulfide bonds. Synthetic Ae1a reversibly paralyzed blowflies and inhibited human L-type voltage-gated calcium channels (CaV1). CONCLUSIONS: Poneritoxins from Anochetus emarginatus venom are a novel class of toxins that are structurally unique among animal venoms. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE: This study demonstrates that Anochetus ant venoms are a rich source of novel ion channel modulating peptides, some of which might be useful leads for the development of biopesticides.
 
Isolation and characterization of a structurally unique beta-hairpin venom peptide from the predatory ant Anochetus emarginatus.,Touchard A, Brust A, Cardoso FC, Chin YK, Herzig V, Jin AH, Dejean A, Alewood PF, King GF, Orivel J, Escoubas P Biochim Biophys Acta. 2016 Nov;1860(11 Pt A):2553-62. doi:, 10.1016/j.bbagen.2016.07.027. Epub 2016 Jul 28. PMID:27474999<ref>PMID:27474999</ref>
 
From MEDLINE&reg;/PubMed&reg;, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.<br>
</div>
<div class="pdbe-citations 2nbc" style="background-color:#fffaf0;"></div>
== References ==
<references/>
__TOC__
__TOC__
</StructureSection>
</StructureSection>
[[Category: Anochetus emarginatus]]
[[Category: Anochetus emarginatus]]
[[Category: Large Structures]]
[[Category: Large Structures]]
[[Category: Chin, Y K.Y]]
[[Category: Chin YK-Y]]
[[Category: King, G F]]
[[Category: King GF]]
[[Category: Touchard, A]]
[[Category: Touchard A]]
[[Category: Anochetus]]
[[Category: Ant]]
[[Category: Disulfide bond]]
[[Category: Neurotoxin]]
[[Category: Toxin]]
[[Category: Venom]]
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