3nwf

Glycoprotein B from Herpes simplex virus type 1, low-pH

spinqualitylabelsall models 3nwf, resolution 3.00Å Show:Asymmetric Unit Biological Assembly Drag the structure with the mouse to rotate   Export Animated Image   Print3D Structural highlights 3nwf is a 4 chain structure with sequence from Human alphaherpesvirus 1 strain KOS. Full crystallographic information is available from OCA. For a guided tour on the structure components use FirstGlance. Method: X-ray diffraction, Resolution 3Å Ligands: MRY, NA, NAG Resources: FirstGlance, OCA, PDBe, RCSB, PDBsum, ProSAT Function GB_HHV1K Envelope glycoprotein that forms spikes at the surface of virion envelope. Essential for the initial attachment to heparan sulfate moities of the host cell surface proteoglycans. Involved in fusion of viral and cellular membranes leading to virus entry into the host cell. Following initial binding of gD to one of its receptors, membrane fusion is mediated by the fusion machinery composed at least of gB and the heterodimer gH/gL. May also be involved in the fusion between the virion envelope and the outer nuclear membrane during virion egress. Also plays a role, together with gK, in virus-induced cell-to-cell fusion (syncytia formation). Publication Abstract from PubMed Herpesviruses enter cells by membrane fusion either at the plasma membrane or in endosomes, depending on the cell type. Glycoprotein B (gB) is a conserved component of the multiprotein herpesvirus fusion machinery and functions as a fusion protein, with two internal fusion loops, FL1 and FL2. We determined the crystal structures of the ectodomains of two FL1 mutants of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) gB to clarify whether their fusion-null phenotypes were due to global or local effects of the mutations on the structure of the gB ectodomain. Each mutant has a single point mutation of a hydrophobic residue in FL1 that eliminates the hydrophobic side chain. We found that neither mutation affected the conformation of FL1, although one mutation slightly altered the conformation of FL2, and we conclude that the fusion-null phenotype is due to the absence of a hydrophobic side chain at the mutated position. Because the ectodomains of the wild-type and the mutant forms of gB crystallized at both low and neutral pH, we were able to determine the effect of pH on gB conformation at the atomic level. For viruses that enter cells by endocytosis, the low pH of the endosome effects major conformational changes in their fusion proteins, thereby promoting fusion of the viral envelope with the endosomal membrane. We show here that upon exposure of gB to low pH, FL2 undergoes a major relocation, probably driven by protonation of a key histidine residue. Relocation of FL2, as well as additional small conformational changes in the gB ectodomain, helps explain previously noted changes in its antigenic and biochemical properties. However, no global pH-dependent changes in gB structure were detected in either the wild-type or the mutant forms of gB. Thus, low pH causes local conformational changes in gB that are very different from the large-scale fusogenic conformational changes in other viral fusion proteins. We propose that these conformational changes, albeit modest, play an important functional role during endocytic entry of HSV. Structural Basis of Local, pH-Dependent Conformational Changes in Glycoprotein B from Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1.,Stampfer SD, Lou H, Cohen GH, Eisenberg RJ, Heldwein EE J Virol. 2010 Dec;84(24):12924-33. Epub 2010 Oct 13. PMID:20943984 From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. See Also Glycoproteins B and D

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