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== Structural highlights ==
== Structural highlights ==
<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[4es1]] is a 1 chain structure with sequence from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkalihalobacillus_halodurans_C-125 Alkalihalobacillus halodurans C-125]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=4ES1 OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=4ES1 FirstGlance]. <br>
<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[4es1]] is a 1 chain structure with sequence from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkalihalobacillus_halodurans_C-125 Alkalihalobacillus halodurans C-125]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=4ES1 OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=4ES1 FirstGlance]. <br>
</td></tr><tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=4es1 FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=4es1 OCA], [https://pdbe.org/4es1 PDBe], [https://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=4es1 RCSB], [https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/4es1 PDBsum], [https://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=4es1 ProSAT]</span></td></tr>
</td></tr><tr id='method'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Empirical_models|Method:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="methodDat">X-ray diffraction, [[Resolution|Resolution]] 1.1&#8491;</td></tr>
<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=4es1 FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=4es1 OCA], [https://pdbe.org/4es1 PDBe], [https://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=4es1 RCSB], [https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/4es1 PDBsum], [https://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=4es1 ProSAT]</span></td></tr>
</table>
</table>
== Function ==
== Function ==
[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/CAS2_ALKHC CAS2_ALKHC] CRISPR (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat), is an adaptive immune system that provides protection against mobile genetic elements (viruses, transposable elements and conjugative plasmids). CRISPR clusters contain sequences complementary to antecedent mobile elements and target invading nucleic acids. CRISPR clusters are transcribed and processed into CRISPR RNA (crRNA). Involved in the integration of spacer DNA into the CRISPR cassette (By similarity). Functions as a dsDNA-specific endonuclease, acting on circular and linear DNA; has no activity on ssRNA or ssDNA.<ref>PMID:22942283</ref>  
[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/CAS2_ALKHC CAS2_ALKHC] CRISPR (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat), is an adaptive immune system that provides protection against mobile genetic elements (viruses, transposable elements and conjugative plasmids). CRISPR clusters contain sequences complementary to antecedent mobile elements and target invading nucleic acids. CRISPR clusters are transcribed and processed into CRISPR RNA (crRNA). Involved in the integration of spacer DNA into the CRISPR cassette (By similarity). Functions as a dsDNA-specific endonuclease, acting on circular and linear DNA; has no activity on ssRNA or ssDNA.<ref>PMID:22942283</ref>  
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== Publication Abstract from PubMed ==
The CRISPR (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats) system is a prokaryotic RNA-based adaptive immune system against extrachromosomal genetic elements. Cas2 is a universally conserved core CRISPR-associated protein required for the acquisition of new spacers for CRISPR adaptation. It was previously characterized as an endoribonuclease with preference for single-stranded (ss)RNA. Here, we show using crystallography, mutagenesis, and isothermal titration calorimetry that the Bacillus halodurans Cas2 (Bha_Cas2) from the subtype I-C/Dvulg CRISPR instead possesses metal-dependent endonuclease activity against double-stranded (ds)DNA. This activity is consistent with its putative function in producing new spacers for insertion into the 5'-end of the CRISPR locus. Mutagenesis and isothermal titration calorimetry studies revealed that a single divalent metal ion (Mg(2+) or Mn(2+)), coordinated by a symmetric Asp pair in the Bha_Cas2 dimer, is involved in the catalysis. We envision that a pH-dependent conformational change switches Cas2 into a metal-binding competent conformation for catalysis. We further propose that the distinct substrate preferences among Cas2 proteins may be determined by the sequence and structure in the beta1-alpha1 loop.
Double-stranded endonuclease activity in Bacillus halodurans clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-associated Cas2 protein.,Nam KH, Ding F, Haitjema C, Huang Q, DeLisa MP, Ke A J Biol Chem. 2012 Oct 19;287(43):35943-52. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M112.382598. Epub, 2012 Aug 31. PMID:22942283<ref>PMID:22942283</ref>
From MEDLINE&reg;/PubMed&reg;, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.<br>
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== References ==
== References ==
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