Sandbox Reserved 1784

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This Sandbox is Reserved from February 27 through August 31, 2023 for use in the course CH462 Biochemistry II taught by R. Jeremy Johnson at the Butler University, Indianapolis, USA. This reservation includes Sandbox Reserved 1765 through Sandbox Reserved 1795.

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Sodium Taurocholate Co-Transporting Polypeptide

spinqualitylabelsall models Caption for this structure Show:Asymmetric Unit Biological Assembly Drag the structure with the mouse to rotate   Export Animated Image   Print3D Structural Overview There are two significant areas in the NTCP structure that facilitate ligand binding, which are referred to as "patches." Residues 84-87 of NTCP are patch 1, which are located on the TM2-TM3 loop in the core domain. This is also considered the extracellular region of NTCP “tunnel." Residues 157-165 NTCP are associated with patch 2. They are located on N-terminal half of the TM5 in the panel domain (residue sequence: KGIVISLVL). Patch 2 is also located in th extracellular region. These residues' importance was determined through mutations of these residues and examined through pull-down assays (Asami, et. al, 2022). Mechanism Figure 1. Bile Salt Uptake Mechanism. The NTCP protein goes through a conformational change when assisting in the uptake of bile salt into the cell. This is accomplished through the opening of a wide transmembrane pore, creating a transport pathway for bile salts. The mechanism includes two sodium metal ions that allow for residue stabilization when going through the conformational change. Binding of the preS1 region of the HBV/HDV virus blocks any subsequent bile salt uptake. Thus, preS1 binding blocks the conformational change and entry of any salts into the cell. Residues 8-17 of preS1 are critical for NTCP:pres1 binding. Patch 1 and Patch 2 (external) residues interact with residues 8-17 of preS1 to facilitate binding. Significance NTCP serves a multitude of biological functions, including bile salt uptake and HBV/HDV binding. NTCP is a key player in the absorption and digestion of fats and fat-soluble vitamins in the body, as well as the synthesis of bile within the liver. The uptake of bile salts, transcriptional and post-transcriptional, are signaling molecules for the liver and intestine. Bile Salt Uptake Figure 2. Bile Salt Structure. Disease of the liver is due to a decrease in bile salt uptake. This disease is transferred through bodily fluids between organisms. Liver Disease causes symptoms such as jaundice, abdominal pain and swelling, and swelling of the legs and feet. Liver disease can lead to liver cancer and other life-threatening diseases, making bile salt uptake essential to liver function.