Sandbox Reserved 1774: Difference between revisions
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== Introduction == | == Introduction == | ||
In humans, the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) signaling axis regulates functions including metabolism, growth, organ development, and neural differentiation <ref name="Brent"> | In humans, the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) signaling axis regulates functions including metabolism, growth, organ development, and neural differentiation <ref name="Brent">DOI: 10.1172/JCI60047</ref>. In this pathway, the thyroid stimulating hormone receptor (TSHR) activates transcription of thyroid hormones in response to ligand binding by thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH). After a brief introduction to the biological significance of TSHR, this page explores the structure of TSHR and its significance to TSH binding and receptor activation. | ||
== Biological Significance of TSHR == | == Biological Significance of TSHR == | ||
The HPT signaling axis involves the brain, thyroid gland, and bloodstream circulation. In the first step of the pathway, thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH) is secreted by the hypothalamus, which in turn stimulates the anterior pituitary gland to produce TSH <ref name="Brent" />. TSH binds to TSHR on the surface of thyroid cells and triggers the production of thyroid hormones thyroxine (T3) and triiodothyronine (T4) through G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) signaling <ref name="Chu"> | The HPT signaling axis involves the brain, thyroid gland, and bloodstream circulation. In the first step of the pathway, thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH) is secreted by the hypothalamus, which in turn stimulates the anterior pituitary gland to produce TSH <ref name="Brent" />. TSH binds to TSHR on the surface of thyroid cells and triggers the production of thyroid hormones thyroxine (T3) and triiodothyronine (T4) through G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) signaling <ref name="Chu">DOI: 10.3390/cells9071730</ref>. T3 and T4 are released into the bloodstream circulation and help to regulate metabolism, including through negative feedback loop inhibition of further TSH production <ref name="Brent" />. | ||
The Malfunction of TSHR, or its TSH ligand, can lead to disease. In Grave's disease, production of a | The Malfunction of TSHR, or its TSH ligand, can lead to disease. In Grave's disease, production of a | ||
