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=IgM B-cell Receptor=
=IgM B-cell Receptor=
==Introduction==
==Introduction==
The [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/B-cell_receptor human B-cell receptor](BCR) is a complex protein made up of three domains: extracellular, transmembrane, and intracellular. While the extracellular region makes up most of the protein, perhaps the most interesting interactions can be found in the transmembrane domain. Unlike other BCRs, the IgM BCR has a specific heavy chain interaction with the α-β subunit of the protein. BCRs are found on the surface of B-cells as membrane bound proteins (ref). In general the role of BCRs is to bind to foreign antigens and initiate the appropriate immune response.  
B-cells play an important role of the human immune system and can be found circulating throughout the body. On the surface of B-cells, membrane bound [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/B-cell_receptor B-cell receptors](BCRs) can be found<ref name="Robinson">PMID:20076604</ref>. These complex proteins are made up of membrane bound immunoglobulins (mIg).  There are several different types of BCRs, namely [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immunoglobulin_G IgG], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immunoglobulin_A IgA], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immunoglobulin_M IgM], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immunoglobulin_E IgE], or [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immunoglobulin_D IgD]. Each specific BCR has important functions for different diseases, but the IgM BCR in particular is most interesting. The BCR consists mainly of three domains: extracellular, transmembrane, and intracellular. While the extracellular region makes up most of the protein, perhaps the most interesting interactions can be found in the transmembrane domain. Unlike other BCRs, the IgM BCR has a specific heavy chain interaction with the α-β subunit of the protein<Ref name="Su Q"> Su Q, Chen M, Shi Y, Zhang X, Huang G, Huang B, Liu D, Liu Z, Shi Y. Cryo-EM structure of the human IgM B cell receptor. Science. 2022 Aug 19;377(6608):875-880. [doi: 10.1126/science.abo3923. Epub 2022 Aug 18. PMID: 35981043.]</Ref>. The role of BCRs is to bind to foreign antigens and initiate the appropriate immune response.  
==Structure==
==Structure==
The BCR consists of a membrane-bound immunoglobulin (mIg) and two signal-transducing subunits, Igα and Igβ. The mIg consists of two heavy chains and two light chains. Antigen binding at the binding site triggers signal transduction by Igα and Igβ. Both consist of an extracellular, Ig-like domain, and an intracellular immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif.  <Ref name="Su Q"> Su Q, Chen M, Shi Y, Zhang X, Huang G, Huang B, Liu D, Liu Z, Shi Y. Cryo-EM structure of the human IgM B cell receptor. Science. 2022 Aug 19;377(6608):875-880. [doi: 10.1126/science.abo3923. Epub 2022 Aug 18. PMID: 35981043.]</Ref>.
<StructureSection load='4INS' size='350' side='right' caption='Human IgM B-Cell Receptor, 7XQ8 (edited)' scene='95/952699/Overview_rock/1'>
<StructureSection load='4INS' size='350' side='right' caption='Human IgM B-Cell Receptor, 7XQ8 (edited)' scene='95/952699/Overview_rock/1'>