Sandbox Reserved 1771: Difference between revisions
From Proteopedia
Jump to navigationJump to search
No edit summary |
Joel Wadas (talk | contribs) No edit summary |
||
| Line 23: | Line 23: | ||
===B-cell Formation=== | ===B-cell Formation=== | ||
[[Image: | [[Image:B_Cell_Antigen-resized.png| 300 px|thumb | right| '''Figure 2.''' The Signal pathway for the response to an antigen by the B-cell receptor. Illustration reproduced courtesy of Cell Signaling Technology, Inc. ([https://www.cellsignal.com/ www.cellsignal.com]).]] | ||
The formation of B-cells occurs in the bone marrow from hematopoietic stem cells<ref name="Althwaiqeb">Althwaiqeb, S. ''Histology, B Cell Lymphocyte''; StatPearls Publishing, 2023. </ref>. Once formed, B-cell receptors are attached to B-cells through the aid of membrane-bound proteins in bone marrow cells. During this process, gene recombination occurs, which allows unique BCRs to become highly specific to different antigens. | The formation of B-cells occurs in the bone marrow from hematopoietic stem cells<ref name="Althwaiqeb">Althwaiqeb, S. ''Histology, B Cell Lymphocyte''; StatPearls Publishing, 2023. </ref>. Once formed, B-cell receptors are attached to B-cells through the aid of membrane-bound proteins in bone marrow cells. During this process, gene recombination occurs, which allows unique BCRs to become highly specific to different antigens. | ||
| Line 34: | Line 34: | ||
Additionally, B-cells have been studied in use for other therapies. For instance, research on mice has shown that manipulation of the genetic composition of their [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epitope epitope] region to recognize an antigen specific to cancer cells, reduced overall tumor size <Ref name="Page A">Page A, Hubert J, Fusil F, Cosset FL. Exploiting B Cell Transfer for Cancer Therapy: Engineered B Cells to Eradicate Tumors. Int J Mol Sci. 2021 Sep 16;22(18):9991. doi: 10.3390/ijms22189991. PMID: 34576154; PMCID: PMC8468294. </Ref>. Furthermore, the B-cell signal pathway has been researched as a target in therapies for Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia ([https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chronic_lymphocytic_leukemia CLL]). This disease arises | Additionally, B-cells have been studied in use for other therapies. For instance, research on mice has shown that manipulation of the genetic composition of their [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epitope epitope] region to recognize an antigen specific to cancer cells, reduced overall tumor size <Ref name="Page A">Page A, Hubert J, Fusil F, Cosset FL. Exploiting B Cell Transfer for Cancer Therapy: Engineered B Cells to Eradicate Tumors. Int J Mol Sci. 2021 Sep 16;22(18):9991. doi: 10.3390/ijms22189991. PMID: 34576154; PMCID: PMC8468294. </Ref>. Furthermore, the B-cell signal pathway has been researched as a target in therapies for Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia ([https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chronic_lymphocytic_leukemia CLL]). This disease arises from the overproduction of B-cell and other immune cells that are nonfunctional. Research regarding this pathway has focused on producing [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Receptor_antagonist antagonists] for certain kinases that cause this over proliferation of cells and has had initial success <Ref name="Woyach JA">Woyach JA, Johnson AJ, Byrd JC. The B-cell receptor signaling pathway as a therapeutic target in CLL. Blood. 2012 Aug 9;120(6):1175-84. doi: 10.1182/blood-2012-02-362624. Epub 2012 Jun 19. PMID: 22715122; PMCID: PMC3418714. </Ref>. The engineering of B-cells and manipulation of its biochemical pathway has promising uses in medicine. | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||
<references/> | <references/> | ||
