Sandbox Reserved 1781: Difference between revisions
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== Introduction == | == Introduction == | ||
[[Image: | [[Image:surface_of_tshr.png|400 px|right|thumb|Figure 1. TSHR with TSH bound. The extracellular and transmembrane domains of the GPCR are shown in green, the hinge region in cyan, the P10 peptide in pink, and thyrotropin bound in pink and yellow.]] | ||
[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thyroid_hormones Thyroid hormones] exercise essential functions related to thymocyte activity as well as metabolic processes and oxygen consumption. Misregulation of thyroid hormones is the cause of many disorders related to [https://www.endocrineweb.com/conditions/thyroid/hyperthyroidism-vs-hypothyroidism hypo- or hyperthyroidism]. Thus, understanding the signaling of synthesis and release of these hormones is essential to the development therapeutic drugs to combat [https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/conditions-and-diseases/disorders-of-the-thyroid specific thyroid hormone disorders]<ref name="Yen">Yen PM. Physiological and molecular basis of thyroid hormone action. Physiol Rev. 2001 Jul;81(3):1097-142. doi: 10.1152/physrev.2001.81.3.1097. PMID: 11427693.</ref>. The initiation of the synthesis and release of these hormones is caused by the glycoprotein, thyroid stimulating hormone, commonly referred to as TSH or thyrotropin. The thyrotropin receptor <scene name='95/952709/Initial_scene_with_edited_7utz/2'>(TSHR)</scene> is a [https://www.nature.com/scitable/topicpage/gpcr-14047471/ G-protein coupled receptor] that binds TSH and transduces signal to initiate synthesis and release of thyroid hormones. It is important to note that autoantibodies may also bind to this receptor causing inhibition or activation of its desired function. (Figure 1)<ref name="Duan et al.">PMID:35940204</ref><ref name="Kohn et al.">Kohn LD, Shimura H, Shimura Y, Hidaka A, Giuliani C, Napolitano G, Ohmori M, Laglia G, Saji M. The thyrotropin receptor. Vitam Horm. 1995;50:287-384. doi: 10.1016/s0083-6729(08)60658-5. PMID: 7709602.</ref> | [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thyroid_hormones Thyroid hormones] exercise essential functions related to thymocyte activity as well as metabolic processes and oxygen consumption. Misregulation of thyroid hormones is the cause of many disorders related to [https://www.endocrineweb.com/conditions/thyroid/hyperthyroidism-vs-hypothyroidism hypo- or hyperthyroidism]. Thus, understanding the signaling of synthesis and release of these hormones is essential to the development therapeutic drugs to combat [https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/conditions-and-diseases/disorders-of-the-thyroid specific thyroid hormone disorders]<ref name="Yen">Yen PM. Physiological and molecular basis of thyroid hormone action. Physiol Rev. 2001 Jul;81(3):1097-142. doi: 10.1152/physrev.2001.81.3.1097. PMID: 11427693.</ref>. The initiation of the synthesis and release of these hormones is caused by the glycoprotein, thyroid stimulating hormone, commonly referred to as TSH or thyrotropin. The thyrotropin receptor <scene name='95/952709/Initial_scene_with_edited_7utz/2'>(TSHR)</scene> is a [https://www.nature.com/scitable/topicpage/gpcr-14047471/ G-protein coupled receptor] that binds TSH and transduces signal to initiate synthesis and release of thyroid hormones. It is important to note that autoantibodies may also bind to this receptor causing inhibition or activation of its desired function. (Figure 1)<ref name="Duan et al.">PMID:35940204</ref><ref name="Kohn et al.">Kohn LD, Shimura H, Shimura Y, Hidaka A, Giuliani C, Napolitano G, Ohmori M, Laglia G, Saji M. The thyrotropin receptor. Vitam Horm. 1995;50:287-384. doi: 10.1016/s0083-6729(08)60658-5. PMID: 7709602.</ref> | ||
