Sandbox Reserved 1794: Difference between revisions

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[[image:Taurocholate.png|thumb|250 px| '''Fig. 1: Taurocholic acid a crystalline bile acid''']]

Sodium Taurocholate Co-Transporting Polypeptide, or NTCP, is a [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Membrane_transport_protein membrane transporter protein] found in the plasma membrane of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hepatocyte hepatocytes]. NTCP's primary function is the transportation of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taurocholic_acid taurocholates], or '''bile salts''', (Fig. 1) into the liver and out of the liver to the small intestine. <Ref> Stieger B. The role of the sodium-taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide (NTCP) and of the bile salt export pump (BSEP) in physiology and pathophysiology of bile formation. Handb Exp Pharmacol. 2011;(201):205-59. doi: 10.1007/978-3-642-14541-4_5. PMID: 21103971. [https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-14541-4_5 DOI: DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-14541-4_5]. </Ref> Bile salts play various roles in metabolism and digestion, but their main function is the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emulsion emulsification] of lipid droplets into smaller fragments. This enables lipases to break down the droplets into their monomers, or triglycerides which are then able to be digested. NTCP is part of the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solute_carrier_family solute carrier superfamily], SLC10. NTCP is the founding member of the SLC10 family, first discovered in rat hepatocytes in 1978. <ref name = "SLC10"> Geyer, J., Wilke, T. & Petzinger, E. The solute carrier family SLC10: more than a family of bile acid transporters regarding function and phylogenetic relationships. Naunyn Schmied Arch Pharmacol 372, 413–431 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00210-006-0043-8 </ref> NTCP has a key role in [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enterohepatic_circulation enterohepatic circulation] or '''bile salt recycling''', and its unique ability to transport other solutes gives it therapeutic potential for lowering cholesterol and treating [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liver_disease liver disease].

Sodium Taurocholate Co-Transporting Polypeptide, or NTCP, is a [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Membrane_transport_protein membrane transporter protein] found in the plasma membrane of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hepatocyte hepatocytes]. NTCP's primary function is the transportation of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taurocholic_acid taurocholates], or '''bile salts''', (Fig. 1) into the liver and out of the liver to the small intestine. <Ref> Stieger B. The role of the sodium-taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide (NTCP) and of the bile salt export pump (BSEP) in physiology and pathophysiology of bile formation. Handb Exp Pharmacol. 2011;(201):205-59. doi: 10.1007/978-3-642-14541-4_5. PMID: 21103971. [https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-14541-4_5 DOI: DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-14541-4_5]. </Ref> Bile salts play various roles in metabolism and digestion, but their main function is the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emulsion emulsification] of lipid droplets into smaller fragments. This enables lipases to break down the droplets into their monomers, or triglycerides which are then able to be digested. NTCP is part of the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solute_carrier_family solute carrier superfamily], SLC10. NTCP is the founding member of the SLC10 family, first discovered in rat hepatocytes in 1978. <ref name = "SLC10"> Geyer, J., Wilke, T. & Petzinger, E. The solute carrier family SLC10: more than a family of bile acid transporters regarding function and phylogenetic relationships. Naunyn Schmied Arch Pharmacol 372, 413–431 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00210-006-0043-8 </ref> NTCP has a key role in [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enterohepatic_circulation enterohepatic circulation] or '''bile salt recycling''', and its unique ability to transport other solutes gives it therapeutic potential for lowering cholesterol and treating [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liver_disease liver disease]. <Ref name = "Goutam"/>

In addition to its physiological role in bile salt transport, NTCP also serves as a binding site for [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hepatitis_B hepatitis B virus] and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hepatitis_D hepatitis D virus]. <ref name = "Park"> Park, JH., Iwamoto, M., Yun, JH. et al. Structural insights into the HBV receptor and bile acid transporter NTCP. Nature 606, 1027–1031 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-022-04857-0. </ref> Understanding the HBV and HDV binding mechanism to NTCP may aid in the development of new viral inhibitors.

Sandbox Reserved 1794: Difference between revisions

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@@ Line 6: / Line 6: @@
 [[image:Taurocholate.png|thumb|250 px| '''Fig. 1: Taurocholic acid a crystalline bile acid''']]
-Sodium Taurocholate Co-Transporting Polypeptide, or NTCP, is a [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Membrane_transport_protein membrane transporter protein] found in the plasma membrane of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hepatocyte hepatocytes]. NTCP's primary function is the transportation of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taurocholic_acid taurocholates], or '''bile salts''', (Fig. 1) into the liver and out of the liver to the small intestine. <Ref> Stieger B. The role of the sodium-taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide (NTCP) and of the bile salt export pump (BSEP) in physiology and pathophysiology of bile formation. Handb Exp Pharmacol. 2011;(201):205-59. doi: 10.1007/978-3-642-14541-4_5. PMID: 21103971. [https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-14541-4_5 DOI: DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-14541-4_5]. </Ref> Bile salts play various roles in metabolism and digestion, but their main function is the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emulsion emulsification] of lipid droplets into smaller fragments. This enables lipases to break down the droplets into their monomers, or triglycerides which are then able to be digested. NTCP is part of the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solute_carrier_family solute carrier superfamily], SLC10. NTCP is the founding member of the SLC10 family, first discovered in rat hepatocytes in 1978. <ref name = "SLC10"> Geyer, J., Wilke, T. & Petzinger, E. The solute carrier family SLC10: more than a family of bile acid transporters regarding function and phylogenetic relationships. Naunyn Schmied Arch Pharmacol 372, 413–431 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00210-006-0043-8 </ref> NTCP has a key role in [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enterohepatic_circulation enterohepatic circulation] or '''bile salt recycling''', and its unique ability to transport other solutes gives it therapeutic potential for lowering cholesterol and treating [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liver_disease liver disease].
+Sodium Taurocholate Co-Transporting Polypeptide, or NTCP, is a [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Membrane_transport_protein membrane transporter protein] found in the plasma membrane of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hepatocyte hepatocytes]. NTCP's primary function is the transportation of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taurocholic_acid taurocholates], or '''bile salts''', (Fig. 1) into the liver and out of the liver to the small intestine. <Ref> Stieger B. The role of the sodium-taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide (NTCP) and of the bile salt export pump (BSEP) in physiology and pathophysiology of bile formation. Handb Exp Pharmacol. 2011;(201):205-59. doi: 10.1007/978-3-642-14541-4_5. PMID: 21103971. [https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-14541-4_5 DOI: DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-14541-4_5]. </Ref> Bile salts play various roles in metabolism and digestion, but their main function is the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emulsion emulsification] of lipid droplets into smaller fragments. This enables lipases to break down the droplets into their monomers, or triglycerides which are then able to be digested. NTCP is part of the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solute_carrier_family solute carrier superfamily], SLC10. NTCP is the founding member of the SLC10 family, first discovered in rat hepatocytes in 1978. <ref name = "SLC10"> Geyer, J., Wilke, T. & Petzinger, E. The solute carrier family SLC10: more than a family of bile acid transporters regarding function and phylogenetic relationships. Naunyn Schmied Arch Pharmacol 372, 413–431 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00210-006-0043-8 </ref> NTCP has a key role in [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enterohepatic_circulation enterohepatic circulation] or '''bile salt recycling''', and its unique ability to transport other solutes gives it therapeutic potential for lowering cholesterol and treating [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liver_disease liver disease]. <Ref name = "Goutam"/>
 In addition to its physiological role in bile salt transport, NTCP also serves as a binding site for [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hepatitis_B hepatitis B virus] and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hepatitis_D hepatitis D virus]. <ref name = "Park"> Park, JH., Iwamoto, M., Yun, JH. et al. Structural insights into the HBV receptor and bile acid transporter NTCP. Nature 606, 1027–1031 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-022-04857-0. </ref> Understanding the HBV and HDV binding mechanism to NTCP may aid in the development of new viral inhibitors.