Sandbox Reserved 1786: Difference between revisions

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='''Human B-cell Antigen Receptor: IgM BCR'''=

=='''Introduction'''==

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=='''Structure'''==

[[Image:IgM_structure_overview_diagram.png|500 px|left|thumb|'''Figure 1. IgM BCR Structure Overview.''' Depiction of the IgM BCR expressed on the membrane of a B cell. Includes all major components including the α/β heterodimer, heavy and light chains, antigen binding sites, and the ITAM region for signal transduction.]]The IgM BCR consists of six separate chains (Figure 1) that make up the three main [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protein_domain domains] in the [https://bioxcell.com/educational-articles/antibody-structure/ typical antibody structure]. A depiction of the IgM <scene name='95/952714/Colored_by_domain/3'>colored by domain</scene> shows two heavy and two light chains that together form the Fab region, or variable fragment at the top of the molecule where the antigen binding sites are located. The two heavy chains extend below the Fab region through the Fc region and eventually connect to the Igα/β heterodimer to form the transmembrane region which anchors the overall complex to the B cell. The overall structure, expression, and function of the IgM BCR is strongly influenced by the transmembrane region in which Ig α/β interactions as a heterodimer influence cell surface expression, receptor assembly, and effective signal transduction. <ref name="Tolar">Tolar P, Pierce SK. Unveiling the B cell receptor structure. Science. 2022 Aug 19;377(6608):819-820. doi: 10.1126/science.add8065. Epub 2022 Aug 18.[http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.add8065 DOI:10.1126/science.add8065</ref>, <ref name="Dylke">Dylke J, Lopes J, Dang-Lawson M, Machtaler S, Matsuuchi L. Role of the extracellular and transmembrane domain of Ig-alpha/beta in assembly of the B cell antigen receptor (BCR). Immunol Lett. 2007 Sep 15;112(1):47-57. doi: 10.1016/j.imlet.2007.06.005. Epub 2007 Jul 23. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.imlet.2007.06.005 DOI:10.1016/j.imlet.2007.06.005</ref>. In each domain, interactions between individual chains are important to understand the complex as a whole. All future 3D depictions using the same pymol file [https://www.rcsb.org/structure/7XQ8 (7xq8)] will be <scene name='95/952714/Colored_by_chain/8'>colored by chain</scene> as in Figure 1.

[[Image:IgM_structure_overview_diagram.png|500 px|left|thumb|'''Figure 1. IgM BCR Structure Overview.''' Depiction of the IgM BCR expressed on the membrane of a B cell. Includes all major components including the α/β heterodimer, heavy and light chains, antigen binding sites, and the ITAM region for signal transduction.]]The IgM BCR consists of six separate chains (Figure 1) that make up the three main [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protein_domain domains] in the [https://bioxcell.com/educational-articles/antibody-structure/ typical antibody structure]. A depiction of the IgM <scene name='95/952714/Colored_by_domain/5'>colored by domain</scene> shows two heavy and two light chains that together form the Fab region, or variable fragment at the top of the molecule where the antigen binding sites are located. The two heavy chains extend below the Fab region through the Fc region and eventually connect to the Igα/β heterodimer to form the transmembrane region which anchors the overall complex to the B cell. The overall structure, expression, and function of the IgM BCR is strongly influenced by the transmembrane region in which Ig α/β interactions as a heterodimer influence cell surface expression, receptor assembly, and effective signal transduction. <ref name="Tolar">Tolar P, Pierce SK. Unveiling the B cell receptor structure. Science. 2022 Aug 19;377(6608):819-820. doi: 10.1126/science.add8065. Epub 2022 Aug 18.[http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.add8065 DOI:10.1126/science.add8065</ref>, <ref name="Dylke">Dylke J, Lopes J, Dang-Lawson M, Machtaler S, Matsuuchi L. Role of the extracellular and transmembrane domain of Ig-alpha/beta in assembly of the B cell antigen receptor (BCR). Immunol Lett. 2007 Sep 15;112(1):47-57. doi: 10.1016/j.imlet.2007.06.005. Epub 2007 Jul 23. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.imlet.2007.06.005 DOI:10.1016/j.imlet.2007.06.005</ref>. In each domain, interactions between individual chains are important to understand the complex as a whole. All future 3D depictions using the same pymol file [https://www.rcsb.org/structure/7XQ8 (7xq8)] will be <scene name='95/952714/Colored_by_chain/8'>colored by chain</scene> as in Figure 1.

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@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 ='''Human B-cell Antigen Receptor: IgM BCR'''=
-<StructureSection load='7xq8' size='350' side='right' caption='IgM B-Cell Receptor ([https://www.rcsb.org/structure/7XQ8 7xq8]) colored by chain. Brown=Igα, orange=Igβ, pink=heavy chain A, blue=heavy chain B, purple=light chain A, green=light chain B' scene='95/952714/Colored_by_chain/10'>
+<StructureSection load='7xq8' size='350' side='right' caption='IgM B-Cell Receptor ([https://www.rcsb.org/structure/7XQ8 7xq8]) colored by chain. Brown=Igα, orange=Igβ, pink=heavy chain A, blue=heavy chain B, purple=light chain A, green=light chain B' scene='95/952714/Colored_by_chain/11'>
 =='''Introduction'''==
@@ Line 11: / Line 11: @@
 =='''Structure'''==
-[[Image:IgM_structure_overview_diagram.png|500 px|left|thumb|'''Figure 1. IgM BCR Structure Overview.''' Depiction of the IgM BCR expressed on the membrane of a B cell. Includes all major components including the α/β heterodimer, heavy and light chains, antigen binding sites, and the ITAM region for signal transduction.]]The IgM BCR consists of six separate chains (Figure 1) that make up the three main [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protein_domain domains] in the [https://bioxcell.com/educational-articles/antibody-structure/ typical antibody structure]. A depiction of the IgM <scene name='95/952714/Colored_by_domain/3'>colored by domain</scene> shows two heavy and two light chains that together form the <b><span class="text-cyan">Fab region</span></b>, or variable fragment at the top of the molecule where the antigen binding sites are located. The two heavy chains extend below the <b><span class="text-cyan">Fab region</span></b> through the <b><span class="text-purple">Fc region</span></b> and eventually connect to the Igα/β heterodimer to form the <b><span class="text-orange">transmembrane region</span></b> which anchors the overall complex to the B cell. The overall structure, expression, and function of the IgM BCR is strongly influenced by the <b><span class="text-orange">transmembrane region</span></b> in which Ig α/β interactions as a heterodimer influence cell surface expression, receptor assembly, and effective signal transduction. <ref name="Tolar">Tolar P, Pierce SK. Unveiling the B cell receptor structure. Science. 2022 Aug 19;377(6608):819-820. doi: 10.1126/science.add8065. Epub 2022 Aug 18.[http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.add8065 DOI:10.1126/science.add8065</ref>, <ref name="Dylke">Dylke J, Lopes J, Dang-Lawson M, Machtaler S, Matsuuchi L. Role of the extracellular and transmembrane domain of Ig-alpha/beta in assembly of the B cell antigen receptor (BCR). Immunol Lett. 2007 Sep 15;112(1):47-57. doi: 10.1016/j.imlet.2007.06.005. Epub 2007 Jul 23. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.imlet.2007.06.005 DOI:10.1016/j.imlet.2007.06.005</ref>. In each domain, interactions between individual chains are important to understand the complex as a whole. All future 3D depictions using the same pymol file [https://www.rcsb.org/structure/7XQ8 (7xq8)] will be <scene name='95/952714/Colored_by_chain/8'>colored by chain</scene> as in Figure 1.
+[[Image:IgM_structure_overview_diagram.png|500 px|left|thumb|'''Figure 1. IgM BCR Structure Overview.''' Depiction of the IgM BCR expressed on the membrane of a B cell. Includes all major components including the α/β heterodimer, heavy and light chains, antigen binding sites, and the ITAM region for signal transduction.]]The IgM BCR consists of six separate chains (Figure 1) that make up the three main [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protein_domain domains] in the [https://bioxcell.com/educational-articles/antibody-structure/ typical antibody structure]. A depiction of the IgM <scene name='95/952714/Colored_by_domain/5'>colored by domain</scene> shows two heavy and two light chains that together form the <b><span class="text-cyan">Fab region</span></b>, or variable fragment at the top of the molecule where the antigen binding sites are located. The two heavy chains extend below the <b><span class="text-cyan">Fab region</span></b> through the <b><span class="text-purple">Fc region</span></b> and eventually connect to the Igα/β heterodimer to form the <b><span class="text-orange">transmembrane region</span></b> which anchors the overall complex to the B cell. The overall structure, expression, and function of the IgM BCR is strongly influenced by the <b><span class="text-orange">transmembrane region</span></b> in which Ig α/β interactions as a heterodimer influence cell surface expression, receptor assembly, and effective signal transduction. <ref name="Tolar">Tolar P, Pierce SK. Unveiling the B cell receptor structure. Science. 2022 Aug 19;377(6608):819-820. doi: 10.1126/science.add8065. Epub 2022 Aug 18.[http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.add8065 DOI:10.1126/science.add8065</ref>, <ref name="Dylke">Dylke J, Lopes J, Dang-Lawson M, Machtaler S, Matsuuchi L. Role of the extracellular and transmembrane domain of Ig-alpha/beta in assembly of the B cell antigen receptor (BCR). Immunol Lett. 2007 Sep 15;112(1):47-57. doi: 10.1016/j.imlet.2007.06.005. Epub 2007 Jul 23. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.imlet.2007.06.005 DOI:10.1016/j.imlet.2007.06.005</ref>. In each domain, interactions between individual chains are important to understand the complex as a whole. All future 3D depictions using the same pymol file [https://www.rcsb.org/structure/7XQ8 (7xq8)] will be <scene name='95/952714/Colored_by_chain/8'>colored by chain</scene> as in Figure 1.
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