Pilin: Difference between revisions
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Type IV pili are diverse in function; they mediate numerous cellular functions via their polymeric machinery. These functions include cell adhesion, signaling, phage attachment, surface motility, biofilm formation and DNA uptake by natural transformation. Specifically, the type IVb pilus of ''Salmonella typhi'' is the adhesion factor that allows the pathogen to enter into the gastrointestinal cells of humans with ease. The first step in ''S.typhi'' pathogenesis is the type IVb pilus self-mediated self-association in the anerobic human small intestine preceding the entry into the human intestine epithelium. <ref name=journal1>PMID:19626704</ref> | Type IV pili are diverse in function; they mediate numerous cellular functions via their polymeric machinery. These functions include cell adhesion, signaling, phage attachment, surface motility, biofilm formation and DNA uptake by natural transformation. Specifically, the type IVb pilus of ''Salmonella typhi'' is the adhesion factor that allows the pathogen to enter into the gastrointestinal cells of humans with ease. The first step in ''S.typhi'' pathogenesis is the type IVb pilus self-mediated self-association in the anerobic human small intestine preceding the entry into the human intestine epithelium. <ref name=journal1>PMID:19626704</ref> | ||
A proposed prerequisite for CFTR binding is the dimer formed in the symmetrical subunit of PilS. <ref name=journal2>Asha M. Balakrishna,Yvonne Yih-Wan Tan, Henry Yu-Keung Mok,Anand M. Saxena,and Kunchithapadam Swaminathan.Crystallization and preliminary X-ray diffraction analysis of Salmonella typhi PilS. 2006 October 1; 62(Pt 10): 1024–1026</ref> The type IVb PilS protein binds to a 15-mer peptide that corresponds to the first extracellular domain of the human cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator(an epithelial chloride channel) in the INT407 cell membrane. <ref name=journal1>PMID:19626704</ref> | |||
It then causes typhoid by entering the enterocytes and specialized M cells of the small intestine. After entry, it is transferred to the intestinal submucosa and is taken up by host macrophages. The overall mechanism of the entry into the enterocytes is complicated and involves intercellular adhesins and intracellular signaling which change the host cell's vacuolar and cytoskeletal organization. <ref name=journal1>PMID:19626704</ref> | |||
