P19: Difference between revisions

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==Background==

[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RNA_Silencing RNA silencing] is a gene inactivation system in many eukaryotes that relies on tiny RNAs as the targeting molecules. One function of RNA silencing, which is also called [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Post-transcriptional_gene_silencing post-transcriptional gene silencing (PTGS)] or [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RNA_interference RNA interference (RNAi)], is to act in surveillance against molecular parasites, such as viruses. Double-stranded RNA triggers the RNA silencing pathway and most plant viruses use a double-stranded RNA to replicate their genome. Various plant viruses have developed evasion techniques to circumvent this surveillance system. In one such evasion strategy, the plant viral protein p19 suppresses a ~~plants~~ anti-viral RNA silencing response. p19 binds with high affinity to the double-stranded RNA silencing mediator, called [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Small_interfering_RNA siRNA], and this binding sequesters the siRNA, preventing its participation in later steps of RNA silencing.

[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RNA_Silencing RNA silencing] is a gene inactivation system in many eukaryotes that relies on tiny RNAs as the targeting molecules. One function of RNA silencing, which is also called [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Post-transcriptional_gene_silencing post-transcriptional gene silencing (PTGS)] or [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RNA_interference RNA interference (RNAi)], is to act in surveillance against molecular parasites, such as viruses. Double-stranded RNA triggers the RNA silencing pathway and most plant viruses use a double-stranded RNA to replicate their genome. Various plant viruses have developed evasion techniques to circumvent this surveillance system. In one such evasion strategy, the plant viral protein p19 suppresses a plant's anti-viral RNA silencing response. p19 binds with high affinity to the double-stranded RNA silencing mediator, called [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Small_interfering_RNA siRNA], and this binding sequesters the siRNA, preventing its participation in later steps of RNA silencing.

<br>

siRNAs are generally characterized by their short length (21–26 nt), 2 nt, 3′ overhanging ends, and 5′ phosphate groups. The most efficient silencing is obtained with siRNA duplexes composed of 21-nt sense and 21-nt antisense strands, paired in a manner to have a 2-nt 3' overhang (see [http://www.rockefeller.edu/labheads/tuschl/sirna.html the Tuschl lab's guide] for designing siRNAs)<ref>Functional anatomy of siRNAs for mediating efficient RNAi in Drosophila melanogaster embryo lysate., Elbashir SM, Martinez J, Patkaniowska A, Lendeckel W, Tuschl T, EMBO J. 2001 Dec 3;20(23):6877-88. PMID:[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11726523 11726523]</ref>.

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 ==Background==
-[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RNA_Silencing RNA silencing] is a gene inactivation system in many eukaryotes that relies on tiny RNAs as the targeting molecules. One function of RNA silencing, which is also called [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Post-transcriptional_gene_silencing post-transcriptional gene silencing (PTGS)] or [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RNA_interference RNA interference (RNAi)], is to act in surveillance against molecular parasites, such as viruses. Double-stranded RNA triggers the RNA silencing pathway and most plant viruses use a double-stranded RNA to replicate their genome. Various plant viruses have developed evasion techniques to circumvent this surveillance system. In one such evasion strategy, the plant viral protein p19 suppresses a plants anti-viral RNA silencing response. p19 binds with high affinity to the double-stranded RNA silencing mediator, called [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Small_interfering_RNA siRNA], and this binding sequesters the siRNA, preventing its participation in later steps of RNA silencing.
+[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RNA_Silencing RNA silencing] is a gene inactivation system in many eukaryotes that relies on tiny RNAs as the targeting molecules. One function of RNA silencing, which is also called [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Post-transcriptional_gene_silencing post-transcriptional gene silencing (PTGS)] or [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RNA_interference RNA interference (RNAi)], is to act in surveillance against molecular parasites, such as viruses. Double-stranded RNA triggers the RNA silencing pathway and most plant viruses use a double-stranded RNA to replicate their genome. Various plant viruses have developed evasion techniques to circumvent this surveillance system. In one such evasion strategy, the plant viral protein p19 suppresses a plant's anti-viral RNA silencing response. p19 binds with high affinity to the double-stranded RNA silencing mediator, called [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Small_interfering_RNA siRNA], and this binding sequesters the siRNA, preventing its participation in later steps of RNA silencing.
 <br>
 siRNAs are generally characterized by their short length (21–26 nt), 2 nt, 3′ overhanging ends, and 5′ phosphate groups. The most efficient silencing is obtained with siRNA duplexes composed of 21-nt sense and 21-nt antisense strands, paired in a manner to have a 2-nt 3' overhang (see [http://www.rockefeller.edu/labheads/tuschl/sirna.html the Tuschl lab's guide] for designing siRNAs)<ref>Functional anatomy of siRNAs for mediating efficient RNAi in Drosophila melanogaster embryo lysate., Elbashir SM, Martinez J, Patkaniowska A, Lendeckel W, Tuschl T, EMBO J. 2001 Dec 3;20(23):6877-88. PMID:[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11726523 11726523]</ref>.