Atropine: Difference between revisions
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== '''Atropine''' == | == '''Atropine''' == | ||
[[Image:Atropine structure.jpg|thumb|left|350px|Structure of Atropine]]<ref>Image from: http://www.neurevolution.net/category/history/page/2/ </ref> | |||
=== Introduction and Background === | === Introduction and Background === | ||
Atropine is an alkaloid drug derived from levohyscocyamine, a plant compound found in the family Solanaceae<ref> Atropine. Encyclopedia Brittanica. http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/42015/atropine</ref>. It's chemical name is 8-methyl-8-azabicycolo[3.2.1]oct-3-yl) 3-hydroxy-2-phenylpropanoate, and the most common medicinal form of atropine is atrophine sulfate ((C17H23NO3)2·H2SO4·H2O)<ref> Atropine. New World Encyclopedia. http://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/Atropine </ref>. It is a competitive inhibitor of both acetylcholine and phospholipase 2 and has a variety of effects on both humans and animals. In humans, it is metabolized approximately 50%, hydrolyzed to tropine and toropic acid, and the remaining unchanged drug is excreted in the urine<ref> Atropine. New World Encyclopedia. http://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/Atropine </ref>. | Atropine is an alkaloid drug derived from levohyscocyamine, a plant compound found in the family Solanaceae<ref> Atropine. Encyclopedia Brittanica. http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/42015/atropine</ref>. It's chemical name is 8-methyl-8-azabicycolo[3.2.1]oct-3-yl) 3-hydroxy-2-phenylpropanoate, and the most common medicinal form of atropine is atrophine sulfate ((C17H23NO3)2·H2SO4·H2O)<ref> Atropine. New World Encyclopedia. http://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/Atropine </ref>. It is a competitive inhibitor of both acetylcholine and phospholipase 2 and has a variety of effects on both humans and animals. In humans, it is metabolized approximately 50%, hydrolyzed to tropine and toropic acid, and the remaining unchanged drug is excreted in the urine<ref> Atropine. New World Encyclopedia. http://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/Atropine </ref>. | ||
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<applet load='2bg9' size=' | <applet load='2bg9' size='400' frame='true' align='right' Acetylcholine Receptor='' /> | ||
=== Function and Basic Mechanism === | === Function and Basic Mechanism === | ||
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The interaction of atropine and phospholipase 2A will be discussed in detail later in this article. | The interaction of atropine and phospholipase 2A will be discussed in detail later in this article. | ||
[[Image:Synapse.jpg|thumb|left|350px|Synapse]]<ref>Image from: http://www.neurevolution.net/category/history/page/2/ </ref> | |||
==== Inhibition of Acetylcholine Receptors ==== | ==== Inhibition of Acetylcholine Receptors ==== | ||
The image to the left depicts a synapse. A neurotransmitter, such as acetylcholine, goes across the synaptic cleft and binds to its receptor, which can be seen in great detail in the 3D image above.. Atropine inhibits the effect of acetylcholine by complexing the acetylcholine receptor on the other side of the cleft, subsequently inhibiting the binding of acetylcholine. If atropine does not allow acetylcholine to bind to the acetylcholine receptor, then the effects of acetylcholine are inhibited. This prevents activation of the parasympathetic nervous system and has a wide variety of medical effects. | |||
The image | |||
==== Medical Uses ==== | ==== Medical Uses ==== | ||
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Atropine is also a good antidote for poisoning by organophosphates and nerve gases, prime agents in bioterrorism<ref> Atropine. New World Encyclopedia. http://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/Atropine </ref>, because Atropine blocks acetylcholine at muscscarininc receptors. Atropine, however, has side effects that include nausea, dizziness, blurred visions, tachycardia, and hallucinations, and due to these side effects it has recently become more popular as a recreational drug. | Atropine is also a good antidote for poisoning by organophosphates and nerve gases, prime agents in bioterrorism<ref> Atropine. New World Encyclopedia. http://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/Atropine </ref>, because Atropine blocks acetylcholine at muscscarininc receptors. Atropine, however, has side effects that include nausea, dizziness, blurred visions, tachycardia, and hallucinations, and due to these side effects it has recently become more popular as a recreational drug. | ||
==== Uses in Veterinary Medicine ==== | ==== Uses in Veterinary Medicine ==== | ||
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Removing the labels, atropine can be seen surrounded by yellow halos, and interacting with the (active site) through white as-tricks. | Removing the labels, atropine can be seen surrounded by yellow halos, and interacting with the (active site) through white as-tricks. | ||
== '''References''' == | == '''References''' == | ||
