Prp24: Difference between revisions

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{{STRUCTURE_2ghp| PDB=2ghp | SCENE='Sandbox_Reserved_340/2ghp/3' }}

'''Prp24''' ('''Pr'''e-mRNA splicing '''P'''rotein '''24''') is a [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saccharomyces_cerevisiae ''Saccharomyces cerevisiae''] yeast protein that functions in the formation of base pair interactions between the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U6_spliceosomal_RNA U6] and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U4_spliceosomal_RNA U4] [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SnRNP snRNPs (small nuclear ribonucleoproteins)] to form the U4/U6 di-snRNP during the assembly of the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spliceosome spliceosome] <ref name="Bae">PMID:17320109</ref>. This protein contains four RNA recognition motifs (RRMs) that function in the binding of Prp24 to U6 snRNA <ref name="Bae"/>. These ~~RRMs~~ domains are conserved in structure and sequence in proteins orthologous to Prp24 in ''Homo sapiens'' and ''Schizosaccharomyces pombe'', as well as in other proteins containing RRMs <ref name="Rader">PMID:12458792</ref>.

'''Prp24''' ('''Pr'''e-mRNA splicing '''P'''rotein '''24''') is a [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saccharomyces_cerevisiae ''Saccharomyces cerevisiae''] yeast protein that functions in the formation of base pair interactions between the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U6_spliceosomal_RNA U6] and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U4_spliceosomal_RNA U4] [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SnRNP snRNPs (small nuclear ribonucleoproteins)] to form the U4/U6 di-snRNP during the assembly of the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spliceosome spliceosome] <ref name="Bae">PMID:17320109</ref>. This protein contains four RNA recognition motifs (RRMs) that function in the binding of Prp24 to U6 snRNA <ref name="Bae"/>. These RRM domains are conserved in structure and sequence in proteins orthologous to Prp24 in ''Homo sapiens'' and ''Schizosaccharomyces pombe'', as well as in other proteins containing RRMs <ref name="Rader">PMID:12458792</ref>.

== Introduction ==

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=== Pre-mRNA Splicing ===

Pre-mRNA splicing is an essential process in eukaryotes that removes non-coding introns from a pre-mRNA transcript and splices coding exons together before the mRNA is exported from the nucleus for translation into a protein<ref name="Staley">PMID:9476892</ref>. Splicing requires five snRNPs (U1, U2, U4, U5, U6), several other proteins, and the input of energy from ATP. The U1 and U2 snRNPs assemble individually on the pre-mRNA transcript, while U4 and U6 form a U4/U6 di-snRNP before interacting with U5 to form a U4/U6.U5 tri-snRNP that combines with U1 and U2 at the pre-mRNA transcript<ref name="Staley"/>. U4 and U1 then depart, and after conformational changes and base pair formation with the pre-mRNA the remaining snRNPs form the catalytically active spliceosome<ref name="Staley"/>. Two transesterification reactions then occur; the first reaction is the nucleophillic attack of the a phosphate group at the end of the 5' exon by the 2' hydroxyl of a specific adenosine at the branch point sequence of the intron<ref name="Brow review">PMID:12429696</ref>. This is then followed by the nucleophillic attack of the ~~phosphorous~~ group linking the 3' exon to the intron by the 3' hydroxyl of the 5' exon<ref name="Brow review"/>. These splicing reactions, ~~in addition to~~ the addition of 7-methylguanosine 5' cap and a 3' polyadenosine tail, results in a mature mRNA transcript that can be exported from the nucleus and translated into protein.

Pre-mRNA splicing is an essential process in eukaryotes that removes non-coding introns from a pre-mRNA transcript and splices coding exons together before the mRNA is exported from the nucleus for translation into a protein<ref name="Staley">PMID:9476892</ref>. Splicing requires five snRNPs (U1, U2, U4, U5, U6), several other proteins, and the input of energy from ATP. The U1 and U2 snRNPs assemble individually on the pre-mRNA transcript, while U4 and U6 form a U4/U6 di-snRNP before interacting with U5 to form a U4/U6.U5 tri-snRNP that combines with U1 and U2 at the pre-mRNA transcript<ref name="Staley"/>. U4 and U1 then depart, and after conformational changes and base pair formation with the pre-mRNA the remaining snRNPs form the catalytically active spliceosome<ref name="Staley"/>. Two transesterification reactions then occur; the first reaction is the nucleophillic attack of the phosphate group at the end of the 5' exon by the 2' hydroxyl of a specific adenosine at the branch point sequence of the intron<ref name="Brow review">PMID:12429696</ref>. This is then followed by the nucleophillic attack of the phosphate group linking the 3' exon to the intron by the 3' hydroxyl of the 5' exon<ref name="Brow review"/>. These splicing reactions, as well as the addition of 7-methylguanosine 5' cap and a 3' polyadenosine tail, results in a mature mRNA transcript that can be exported from the nucleus and translated into a protein.

===U6 and U4 snRNPs===

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   {{STRUCTURE_2ghp|  PDB=2ghp  |  SCENE='Sandbox_Reserved_340/2ghp/3'  }}
-'''Prp24''' ('''Pr'''e-mRNA splicing '''P'''rotein '''24''') is a [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saccharomyces_cerevisiae ''Saccharomyces cerevisiae''] yeast protein that functions in the formation of base pair interactions between the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U6_spliceosomal_RNA U6] and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U4_spliceosomal_RNA U4] [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SnRNP snRNPs (small nuclear ribonucleoproteins)] to form the U4/U6 di-snRNP during the assembly of the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spliceosome spliceosome]  <ref name="Bae">PMID:17320109</ref>.  This protein contains four RNA recognition motifs (RRMs) that function in the binding of Prp24 to U6 snRNA <ref name="Bae"/>.  These RRMs domains are conserved in structure and sequence in proteins orthologous to Prp24 in ''Homo sapiens'' and ''Schizosaccharomyces pombe'', as well as in other proteins containing RRMs <ref name="Rader">PMID:12458792</ref>.
+'''Prp24''' ('''Pr'''e-mRNA splicing '''P'''rotein '''24''') is a [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saccharomyces_cerevisiae ''Saccharomyces cerevisiae''] yeast protein that functions in the formation of base pair interactions between the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U6_spliceosomal_RNA U6] and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U4_spliceosomal_RNA U4] [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SnRNP snRNPs (small nuclear ribonucleoproteins)] to form the U4/U6 di-snRNP during the assembly of the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spliceosome spliceosome]  <ref name="Bae">PMID:17320109</ref>.  This protein contains four RNA recognition motifs (RRMs) that function in the binding of Prp24 to U6 snRNA <ref name="Bae"/>.  These RRM domains are conserved in structure and sequence in proteins orthologous to Prp24 in ''Homo sapiens'' and ''Schizosaccharomyces pombe'', as well as in other proteins containing RRMs <ref name="Rader">PMID:12458792</ref>.
 == Introduction ==
@@ Line 10: / Line 10: @@
 === Pre-mRNA Splicing ===
-Pre-mRNA splicing is an essential process in eukaryotes that removes non-coding introns from a pre-mRNA transcript and splices coding exons together before the mRNA is exported from the nucleus for translation into a protein<ref name="Staley">PMID:9476892</ref>.  Splicing requires five snRNPs (U1, U2, U4, U5, U6), several other proteins, and the input of energy from ATP.  The U1 and U2 snRNPs assemble individually on the pre-mRNA transcript, while U4 and U6 form a U4/U6 di-snRNP before interacting with U5 to form a U4/U6.U5 tri-snRNP that combines with U1 and U2 at the pre-mRNA transcript<ref name="Staley"/>.  U4 and U1 then depart, and after conformational changes and base pair formation with the pre-mRNA the remaining snRNPs form the catalytically active spliceosome<ref name="Staley"/>.  Two transesterification reactions then occur; the first reaction is the nucleophillic attack of the a phosphate group at the end of the 5' exon by the 2' hydroxyl of a specific adenosine at the branch point sequence of the intron<ref name="Brow review">PMID:12429696</ref>.  This is then followed by the nucleophillic attack of the phosphorous group linking the 3' exon to the intron by the 3' hydroxyl of the 5' exon<ref name="Brow review"/>.  These splicing reactions, in addition to the addition of 7-methylguanosine 5' cap and  a 3' polyadenosine tail, results in a mature mRNA transcript that can be exported from the nucleus and translated into protein.
+Pre-mRNA splicing is an essential process in eukaryotes that removes non-coding introns from a pre-mRNA transcript and splices coding exons together before the mRNA is exported from the nucleus for translation into a protein<ref name="Staley">PMID:9476892</ref>.  Splicing requires five snRNPs (U1, U2, U4, U5, U6), several other proteins, and the input of energy from ATP.  The U1 and U2 snRNPs assemble individually on the pre-mRNA transcript, while U4 and U6 form a U4/U6 di-snRNP before interacting with U5 to form a U4/U6.U5 tri-snRNP that combines with U1 and U2 at the pre-mRNA transcript<ref name="Staley"/>.  U4 and U1 then depart, and after conformational changes and base pair formation with the pre-mRNA the remaining snRNPs form the catalytically active spliceosome<ref name="Staley"/>.  Two transesterification reactions then occur; the first reaction is the nucleophillic attack of the phosphate group at the end of the 5' exon by the 2' hydroxyl of a specific adenosine at the branch point sequence of the intron<ref name="Brow review">PMID:12429696</ref>.  This is then followed by the nucleophillic attack of the phosphate group linking the 3' exon to the intron by the 3' hydroxyl of the 5' exon<ref name="Brow review"/>.  These splicing reactions, as well as the addition of 7-methylguanosine 5' cap and  a 3' polyadenosine tail, results in a mature mRNA transcript that can be exported from the nucleus and translated into a protein.
 ===U6 and U4 snRNPs===