Sandbox Reserved 200: Difference between revisions
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=Oligomers of Bovine Ribonuclease A= | |||
=Introduction= | ==Introduction== | ||
[[Image:2D_RNase_A.png|200px|left|thumb|RNase A minor dimer,[[1A2W]]]] | [[Image:2D_RNase_A.png|200px|left|thumb|RNase A minor dimer,[[1A2W]]]] | ||
Bovine pancreatic ribonuclease A [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ribonuclease_A (RNase A)] is an enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of RNA through [http://www.proteopedia.org/wiki/index.php/Sandbox_Reserved_193 acid-base catalysis]. RNase A has the capability to structurally form dimers, trimers, and other oligomers based on the structure of the [http://www.proteopedia.org/wiki/index.php/Sandbox_Reserved_192 RNase A monomer]. Unlike the monomers, these oligomers are capable of catalyzing the hydrolysis of double stranded RNA (dsRNA).<ref name="tumor">PMID:12697760</ref> The oligomers are formed by 3D domain swapping, which can occur once or twice per monomeric unit <ref name="liul">PMID:11224563</ref >. The 3D domain swapping has no impact on the formation of active sites which is the same in the monomers and all oligomers.<ref name="liul"/> The oligomers of RNase A also show medical relevance when looking at antitumor drugs as well as the possible cause of Alzheimer's. | Bovine pancreatic ribonuclease A [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ribonuclease_A (RNase A)] is an enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of RNA through [http://www.proteopedia.org/wiki/index.php/Sandbox_Reserved_193 acid-base catalysis]. RNase A has the capability to structurally form dimers, trimers, and other oligomers based on the structure of the [http://www.proteopedia.org/wiki/index.php/Sandbox_Reserved_192 RNase A monomer]. Unlike the monomers, these oligomers are capable of catalyzing the hydrolysis of double stranded RNA (dsRNA).<ref name="tumor">PMID:12697760</ref> The oligomers are formed by 3D domain swapping, which can occur once or twice per monomeric unit <ref name="liul">PMID:11224563</ref >. The 3D domain swapping has no impact on the formation of active sites which is the same in the monomers and all oligomers.<ref name="liul"/> The oligomers of RNase A also show medical relevance when looking at antitumor drugs as well as the possible cause of Alzheimer's. | ||
=Dimers= | ==Dimers== | ||
<Structure load='1A2W' size='400' frame='true' align='right' caption='Ribonuclease A Dimer' scene='Sandbox_Reserved_200/Minor_dimer/2' /> | <Structure load='1A2W' size='400' frame='true' align='right' caption='Ribonuclease A Dimer' scene='Sandbox_Reserved_200/Minor_dimer/2' /> | ||
Ribonuclease A has both a major and <scene name='Sandbox_Reserved_200/Minor_dimer/2'>Minor dimer</scene> which are very similar to one another. Though they are similar, they are formed by different types of 3D domain swapping. 3D domain swapping occurs when identical domains are interchanged. The <scene name='Sandbox_Reserved_200/Major_dimer/11'>Major dimer</scene> is formed by 3D domain swapping the β-strand of the C-terminus.<ref name="liu98"/> The minor dimer, on the other hand, is formed by 3D domain swapping its α-helix of the N-terminus <ref name="liu98"/>. Domain swapping is extremely specific and can only occur at the <scene name='Sandbox_Reserved_200/Major_dimer/10'>C-terminus</scene> or the <scene name='Sandbox_Reserved_200/Major_dimer/9'>N-terminus</scene>. | Ribonuclease A has both a major and <scene name='Sandbox_Reserved_200/Minor_dimer/2'>Minor dimer</scene> which are very similar to one another. Though they are similar, they are formed by different types of 3D domain swapping. 3D domain swapping occurs when identical domains are interchanged. The <scene name='Sandbox_Reserved_200/Major_dimer/11'>Major dimer</scene> is formed by 3D domain swapping the β-strand of the C-terminus.<ref name="liu98"/> The minor dimer, on the other hand, is formed by 3D domain swapping its α-helix of the N-terminus <ref name="liu98"/>. Domain swapping is extremely specific and can only occur at the <scene name='Sandbox_Reserved_200/Major_dimer/10'>C-terminus</scene> or the <scene name='Sandbox_Reserved_200/Major_dimer/9'>N-terminus</scene>. | ||
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=Trimers= | ==Trimers== | ||
<Structure load='1JS0' size='400' frame='true' align='left' caption='Minor Trimer of RNase A' scene='Sandbox_Reserved_200/Minor_trimer/1' /> | <Structure load='1JS0' size='400' frame='true' align='left' caption='Minor Trimer of RNase A' scene='Sandbox_Reserved_200/Minor_trimer/1' /> | ||
=Medical Relevance= | ==Medical Relevance== | ||
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alzheimer%27s_disease Alzheimer’s disease] is a terminal disease that slowly degenerates the brain. One of the possible causes of Alzheimer’s is [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amyloid amyloid] deposits throughout the brain. Though RNasa A oligomers are not the amyloid deposits that cause Alzheimer’s the folding of these oligomers gives clues towards the formation of amyloid deposits responsible for Alzheimer’s. | [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alzheimer%27s_disease Alzheimer’s disease] is a terminal disease that slowly degenerates the brain. One of the possible causes of Alzheimer’s is [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amyloid amyloid] deposits throughout the brain. Though RNasa A oligomers are not the amyloid deposits that cause Alzheimer’s the folding of these oligomers gives clues towards the formation of amyloid deposits responsible for Alzheimer’s. | ||
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=Literature Cited= | ==Literature Cited== | ||
<references /> | <references /> | ||
=External Links= | ==External Links== | ||
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ribonuclease_A Wikipedia Ribonuclease A] | [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ribonuclease_A Wikipedia Ribonuclease A] | ||
