Sandbox 212: Difference between revisions

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[[Image:Carnitineacetyltransferase with carnitine.jpg | thumb |carnitine acetytransferase in complex with carnintine, one of its substrates  |330px|left]]
[[Image:Carnitineacetyltransferase with carnitine.jpg | thumb |carnitine acetytransferase in complex with carnintine, one of its substrates  |330px|left]]


Carnitine acetyltransferases (also known as CATs) are members of a large family of enzymes called carnitine acyltransferases. This family contains enzymes that play an important role in cellular energy metabolism, i.e. fatty acid oxidation. They are responsible for the directional transport of fatty acids from the cytoplasm across the inner mitochondrial membrane into the mitochondrial matrix. Hence these enzymes can be mainly found in the inner membrane of mitochondria. Carnitine acetyltransferases have a substrate preference for short chain fatty acids in their activated form (acyl-CoAs).  
Carnitine acyltransferases are a large family of enzymes that play a main role in cellular energy metabolism, i.e. fatty acid oxidation. These enzymes catalyze the
As Carnitine acetyltransferases are major enzymes in fatty acid oxidation they are viewed as promising targets which can be used to develop successful therapeutics against diabetes and obesity.
reversible exchange of acyl groups between Coenzyme A and carnitine.  
Carnitine acyltransferases  include three different classes of enzymes which are known as carnitine acetyltransferases (CrATs), carnitine octanoyltransferases (CrOTs) and carnitine palmityltransferase (CPTs). The three classes of differ in their acyl group specificity as well as their localization.<ref>                                                
Being major enzymes in fatty acid oxidation carnitine acyltransferases  are viewed as promising targets which can be used to develop successful therapeutics against type 2 diabetes, obesity and other human diseases.  
== Biological function ==
== Biological function ==


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<Structure load='1ndf' size='500' frame='true' align='right' caption='Insert caption here' scene='Insert optional scene name here' />
<Structure load='1ndf' size='500' frame='true' align='right' caption='Insert caption here' scene='Insert optional scene name here' />


The tertiary structure of CAT consists of 20 α-helices (α1-α20) and 16 β-strands (named β1-β16) which are arranged into two equally sized domains (N and C domains ).
The tertiary structure of CAT consists of 20 α-helices (α1-α20) and 16 β-strands (named β1-β16) which are arranged into two equally sized domains (N and C domains ).<ref>
 


== Substrate binding and mechanism ==
== Substrate binding and mechanism ==
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