Sandbox 213: Difference between revisions

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[[Calmodulin]] (CaM) for Calcium-Modulated protein is an important protein that intervenes in a wide range of activities.
[[Calmodulin]] (CaM) for Calcium-Modulated protein is an important protein that intervenes in a wide range of activities.
CaM is expressed in many cell types and can have different subcellular locations, including the cytoplasm, within organelles, or associated with the plasma or organelle membranes.
CaM is expressed in many cell types and can have different subcellular locations, including the cytoplasm, within organelles, or associated with the plasma or organelle membranes.
Indeed,it is a small (16.7 kDa = 148 aa) and highly conserved protein that is necessary in all eukaryotic cells because it represents an essential calcium sensor with troponin C its isoform.


Calcium is an important mineral salt which represents 2% of body weight and 99% in teeth and bones. Calcium levels are finely regulated in the organism because it ediates and controls many biochemical processes, inflammation, metabolism, apoptosis, smooth muscle contraction, intracellular movement, short-term and long-term memory, and the immune response. Calcium ions play a major role in the metabolism and physiology of eukaryotes cells, that's why calmodulin is important for the transport.
Calcium is an important mineral salt which represents 2% of body weight and 99% in teeth and bones. Calcium levels are finely regulated in the organism because it ediates and controls many biochemical processes, inflammation, metabolism, apoptosis, smooth muscle contraction, intracellular movement, short-term and long-term memory, and the immune response. Calcium ions play a major role in the metabolism and physiology of eukaryotes cells, that's why calmodulin is important for the transport.


Indeed,it is a small (16.7 kDa = 148 aa) and highly conserved protein that is necessary in all eukaryotic cells because it represents an essential calcium sensor with troponin C its isoform. '''
Calmodulin contains four Ca<sup>2+</sup> binding sites and the binding of calcium induces a conformational change in calmodulin that can cause the activation of key enzymes such as kinases or phosphatases proteins (especially phosphorylase kinases) which are not necessarily themselves Ca<sup>2+</sup>-sensitive and allows a large diversity of cellular response.




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'''Calmodulin''' [http://www.rcsb.org/pdb/101/motm_disscussed_entry.do?id=3cln]  
'''Calmodulin''' [http://www.rcsb.org/pdb/101/motm_disscussed_entry.do?id=3cln]  
Calmodulin contains four Ca<sup>2+</sup> binding sites and the binding of calcium induces a conformational change in calmodulin that can cause the activation of key enzymes such as kinases or phosphatases proteins (especially phosphorylase kinases) which are not necessarily themselves Ca<sup>2+</sup>-sensitive and allows a large diversity of cellular response.


The calmodulin structure has been determined by NMR. This method reveals that calmodulin is a long molecule which looks like a '''dumbbell''' because it contains '''two globular domains''' (the <scene name='Sandbox_213/N-lobe/1'>N-lobe</scene> and the <scene name='Sandbox_213/C-lobe/1'>C-lobe</scene>) linked by a <scene name='Sandbox_213/flexible α-helix/1'>flexible α-helix</scene>.  
The calmodulin structure has been determined by NMR. This method reveals that calmodulin is a long molecule which looks like a '''dumbbell''' because it contains '''two globular domains''' (the <scene name='Sandbox_213/N-lobe/1'>N-lobe</scene> and the <scene name='Sandbox_213/C-lobe/1'>C-lobe</scene>) linked by a <scene name='Sandbox_213/flexible α-helix/1'>flexible α-helix</scene>.  
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