Multiple sclerosis: Difference between revisions
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There are many other treatments for MS ranging from small polymers to monoclonal antibodies to cytotoxic agents. While all have their benefits, they also have their side effects. While clinical trials can out short-term effects, long-term effects are a continuous threat and worry to contend with. Treatment of women, who are more effected than males, is particularly dangerous when the woman is potentially pregnant. Another great concern is the safety of treating children.<ref name='MS:Pathogenesis and Treatment' /> | There are many other treatments for MS ranging from small polymers to monoclonal antibodies to cytotoxic agents. While all have their benefits, they also have their side effects. While clinical trials can out short-term effects, long-term effects are a continuous threat and worry to contend with. Treatment of women, who are more effected than males, is particularly dangerous when the woman is potentially pregnant. Another great concern is the safety of treating children.<ref name='MS:Pathogenesis and Treatment' /> | ||
=== | ===Glatiramer Acetate=== | ||
Formerly known as copolymer 1, ''' | Formerly known as copolymer 1, '''glatiramer acetate''' (GA) is a random polymer of glutamic acid, lysine, alanine, and tyrosine which are the most common amino acids in MBP. As with Interferon-β, the exact mechanism of glutarimer acetate is not yet known, although Racke et al. have shown that GA inhibits response of various antigen-specific murine T cell hybridomas in addition to blunting human MBP-specific T cell lines from lysing targets in the presence of three human leukocyte antigen-DR types associated with MS.<ref>PMID:20038760</ref> Additionally, studies have shown that GA increases cytokine levels, anti-inflammatory action, and acts upon CD8+D T cells by correcting their regulatory deficit. The only drug on the market is called ''Copaxone'' and it is approved for use of treatment of RRMS. It has shown effects on exacerbation rate and MRI clinical assessment. ''Copaxone'' is injected subcutaneously on a daily basis.<ref name='MS:Pathogenesis and Treatment' /> | ||
===Monoclonal Antibodies=== | ===Monoclonal Antibodies=== | ||
