Multiple sclerosis: Difference between revisions
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[[Image:MSLesions.jpg|450px|right|thumb|Courtesy of Intermountain Medical Imaging, Boise, Idaho.<ref>[http://www.health.com/health/library/mdp/0,,zm6056,00.html] Poinier, A.C., Husney, A., and Chalk, C. "Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of multiple sclerosis." ''Health.com'' Updated: 2010 Feb 18.</ref>]] | [[Image:MSLesions.jpg|450px|right|thumb|Courtesy of Intermountain Medical Imaging, Boise, Idaho.<ref>[http://www.health.com/health/library/mdp/0,,zm6056,00.html] Poinier, A.C., Husney, A., and Chalk, C. "Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of multiple sclerosis." ''Health.com'' Updated: 2010 Feb 18.</ref>]] | ||
'''Multiple sclerosis (MS)''' - an autoimmune disease that effects every patient differently based on the neurologic lesions inflicted throughout the body. While some can go through their lives with relatively mild symptoms and short periods of relapse, others can become incapacitated within years or even months. Defined by Nylander and Hafler, MS is a "multifocal demyelinating disease with progressive neurodegeneration caused by an autoimmune response to self-antigens in a genetically susceptible individual."<ref name ="MS Nylander & Hafler">PMID:22466660</ref> Inflammation is the primary cause of damage in MS, and though the effects of the disease are well known and various treatments exist for the disease, the exact identity of an antigen or infectious agent that causes the initiation of a myriad of symptoms is unknown.<ref name='MS:Pathogenesis and Treatment'>PMID:22379455</ref> | '''Multiple sclerosis (MS)''' - an autoimmune disease that effects every patient differently based on the neurologic lesions inflicted throughout the body. While some can go through their lives with relatively mild symptoms and short periods of relapse, others can become incapacitated within years or even months. Defined by Nylander and Hafler, MS is a "multifocal demyelinating disease with progressive neurodegeneration caused by an autoimmune response to self-antigens in a genetically susceptible individual."<ref name ="MS Nylander & Hafler">PMID:22466660</ref> Inflammation is the primary cause of damage in MS, and though the effects of the disease are well known and various treatments exist for the disease, the exact identity of an antigen or infectious agent that causes the initiation of a myriad of symptoms is unknown.<ref name='MS:Pathogenesis and Treatment'>PMID:22379455</ref> | ||
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Interferon-β is a relatively simple biological response modifier, with several <scene name='Multiple_sclerosis/Interferon_beta_labeled/2'>identifiable regions</scene>. It consists of five <scene name='Multiple_sclerosis/Ifnb_helices_in_color/2'>alpha helices</scene>, as well as multiple interconnecting <scene name='Multiple_sclerosis/Interferon_beta_loops/3'>loop regions</scene>. Helices A, B and D run <scene name='Multiple_sclerosis/Ifnb_parallel_abd/4'>parallel to one another</scene>, and helices C and E run <scene name='Multiple_sclerosis/Ifnb_antiparallel/3'>anti-parallel</scene> to the other three helices, but <scene name='Multiple_sclerosis/Ifnb_antiparallel_ce/4'>parallel</scene> to one another. Helix A consists of residues 6-23; Helix B consists of residues 49-65; Helix C consists of residues 77-91; Helix D consists of residues 112-131; and Helix E consists of residues 135-155.<ref name="Structure Ifn B">PMID:20616576</ref><ref name="UniProt">http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/P00784</ref> | Interferon-β is a relatively simple biological response modifier, with several <scene name='Multiple_sclerosis/Interferon_beta_labeled/2'>identifiable regions</scene>. It consists of five <scene name='Multiple_sclerosis/Ifnb_helices_in_color/2'>alpha helices</scene>, as well as multiple interconnecting <scene name='Multiple_sclerosis/Interferon_beta_loops/3'>loop regions</scene>. Helices A, B and D run <scene name='Multiple_sclerosis/Ifnb_parallel_abd/4'>parallel to one another</scene>, and helices C and E run <scene name='Multiple_sclerosis/Ifnb_antiparallel/3'>anti-parallel</scene> to the other three helices, but <scene name='Multiple_sclerosis/Ifnb_antiparallel_ce/4'>parallel</scene> to one another. Helix A consists of residues 6-23; Helix B consists of residues 49-65; Helix C consists of residues 77-91; Helix D consists of residues 112-131; and Helix E consists of residues 135-155.<ref name="Structure Ifn B">PMID:20616576</ref><ref name="UniProt">http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/P00784</ref> | ||
===Interferon-α, Interferon-β, and Interferon Receptors | ===Interferon-α, Interferon-β, and Interferon Receptors=== | ||
Since a PDB reference does not exist for interferon-β interacting with interferon receptors 1 or 2, and a multitude of files exist on <scene name='Multiple_sclerosis/Ifna/5'>interferon-α</scene> interacting with the receptor, a comparison to interferon-α will be made prior to demonstrating the types of bonding that occur between the interferon and its receptor. To see more information regarding interferons, please visit the [[Interferons]] site. | Since a PDB reference does not exist for interferon-β interacting with interferon receptors 1 or 2, and a multitude of files exist on <scene name='Multiple_sclerosis/Ifna/5'>interferon-α</scene> interacting with the receptor, a comparison to interferon-α will be made prior to demonstrating the types of bonding that occur between the interferon and its receptor. To see more information regarding interferons, please visit the [[Interferons]] site. | ||
