Sandbox Reserved 475: Difference between revisions

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== ACETYLCHOLINE RECEPTOR ==

<Structure load='2bg9' size='350' frame='true' align='right'

caption='Refined nicotinic receptor structure at 4.0 Å resolution ([[2BG9]]). 5 chain structure of ion channels with sequence from [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marbled_electric_ray Torpedo marmorata].' scene='' />

caption='Refined nicotinic receptor structure at 4.0 Å resolution ([http://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore/explore.do?structureId=2BG9 2BG9]). 5 chain structure of ion channels with sequence from [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marbled_electric_ray Torpedo marmorata].' scene='' />

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A popular neurotoxin approved by the FDA was Botox Cosmetic which was used as a treatment for moderate to severe glabellar lines. Botox acts very similarly to the neuromuscular blocking agents in that it binds at the postsynaptic cleft to the receptors of the motor end plate and relaxes the two major muscle contractions in the forehead. Botox Cosmetic (botulinum toxin type A) blocks neuromuscular transmission by binding to acceptor sites on motor nerve terminals, entering the nerve terminals, and inhibiting the release of acetylcholine, resulting in paralysis. This inhibition occurs as the neurotoxin cleaves SNAP-25, a protein integral to the successful docking and release of acetylcholine from vesicles situated within nerve endings.

A popular neurotoxin approved by the FDA was Botox Cosmetic which was used as a treatment for moderate to severe glabellar lines. Botox acts very similarly to the neuromuscular blocking agents in that it binds at the postsynaptic cleft to the receptors of the motor end plate and relaxes the two major muscle contractions in the forehead. Botox Cosmetic (botulinum toxin type A) blocks neuromuscular transmission by binding to acceptor sites on motor nerve terminals, entering the nerve terminals, and inhibiting the release of acetylcholine, resulting in paralysis.<ref>Botox Cosmetic (botulinum toxin type A) http://www.medilexicon.com/drugs/botox_cosmetic.php</ref> This inhibition occurs as the neurotoxin cleaves SNAP-25, a protein integral to the successful docking and release of acetylcholine from vesicles situated within nerve endings.

=== Diseases ===

'''Myasthenia gravis''' is a disease where the body's antibodies actually target the acetylcholine receptors at the motor end plate and prevents correct functionality leading to muscular weakness. In a similar case, '''Lambert–Eaton myasthenic syndrome''', is another rare autoimmune disease where the body's antibodies target the voltage-gated calcium channels at the presynaptic site and prevent electric signals from reaching the muscles that are in conjunction with the neuron.

'''Myasthenia gravis'''<ref>Conti-Fine BM, Milani M, Kaminski HJ (2006). "Myasthenia gravis: past, present, and future". J. Clin. Invest. 116 (11): 2843–54. doi:10.1172/JCI29894. PMC 1626141. PMID 17080188.</ref> is a disease where the body's antibodies actually target the acetylcholine receptors at the motor end plate and prevents correct functionality leading to muscular weakness. In a similar case, '''Lambert–Eaton myasthenic syndrome'''<ref>Mareska M, Gutmann L (June 2004). "Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome". Semin. Neurol. 24 (2): 149–53. doi:10.1055/s-2004-830900. PMID 15257511.</ref>, is another rare autoimmune disease where the body's antibodies target the voltage-gated calcium channels at the presynaptic site and prevent electric signals from reaching the muscles that are in conjunction with the neuron.

Sandbox Reserved 475: Difference between revisions

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@@ Line 5: / Line 5: @@
 == <span style="font-size:120%">ACETYLCHOLINE RECEPTOR</span> ==
 <Structure load='2bg9' size='350' frame='true' align='right'
-caption='Refined nicotinic receptor structure at 4.0 &Aring; resolution ([[2BG9]]). 5 chain structure of ion channels with sequence from [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marbled_electric_ray Torpedo marmorata].' scene='' />
+caption='Refined nicotinic receptor structure at 4.0 &Aring; resolution ([http://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore/explore.do?structureId=2BG9 2BG9]). 5 chain structure of ion channels with sequence from [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marbled_electric_ray Torpedo marmorata].' scene='' />
 <span style="font-size:110%">
@@ Line 71: / Line 71: @@
 <span style="font-size:110%">
-A popular neurotoxin approved by the FDA was Botox Cosmetic which was used as a treatment for moderate to severe glabellar lines. Botox acts very similarly to the neuromuscular blocking agents in that it binds at the postsynaptic cleft to the receptors of the motor end plate and relaxes the two major muscle contractions in the forehead. Botox Cosmetic (botulinum toxin type A) blocks neuromuscular transmission by binding to acceptor sites on motor nerve terminals, entering the nerve terminals, and inhibiting the release of acetylcholine, resulting in paralysis. This inhibition occurs as the neurotoxin cleaves SNAP-25, a protein integral to the successful docking and release of acetylcholine from vesicles situated within nerve endings.
+A popular neurotoxin approved by the FDA was Botox Cosmetic which was used as a treatment for moderate to severe glabellar lines. Botox acts very similarly to the neuromuscular blocking agents in that it binds at the postsynaptic cleft to the receptors of the motor end plate and relaxes the two major muscle contractions in the forehead. Botox Cosmetic (botulinum toxin type A) blocks neuromuscular transmission by binding to acceptor sites on motor nerve terminals, entering the nerve terminals, and inhibiting the release of acetylcholine, resulting in paralysis.<ref>Botox Cosmetic (botulinum toxin type A) http://www.medilexicon.com/drugs/botox_cosmetic.php</ref> This inhibition occurs as the neurotoxin cleaves SNAP-25, a protein integral to the successful docking and release of acetylcholine from vesicles situated within nerve endings.
 </span>
 === Diseases ===
 <span style="font-size:110%">
-'''Myasthenia gravis''' is a disease where the body's antibodies actually target the acetylcholine receptors at the motor end plate and prevents correct functionality leading to muscular weakness. In a similar case, '''Lambert–Eaton myasthenic syndrome''', is another rare autoimmune disease where the body's antibodies target the voltage-gated calcium channels at the presynaptic site and prevent electric signals from reaching the muscles that are in conjunction with the neuron.
+'''Myasthenia gravis'''<ref>Conti-Fine BM, Milani M, Kaminski HJ (2006). "Myasthenia gravis: past, present, and future". J. Clin. Invest. 116 (11): 2843–54. doi:10.1172/JCI29894. PMC 1626141. PMID 17080188.</ref> is a disease where the body's antibodies actually target the acetylcholine receptors at the motor end plate and prevents correct functionality leading to muscular weakness. In a similar case, '''Lambert–Eaton myasthenic syndrome'''<ref>Mareska M, Gutmann L (June 2004). "Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome". Semin. Neurol. 24 (2): 149–53. doi:10.1055/s-2004-830900. PMID 15257511.</ref>, is another rare autoimmune disease where the body's antibodies target the voltage-gated calcium channels at the presynaptic site and prevent electric signals from reaching the muscles that are in conjunction with the neuron.
 </span>