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==Introduction==

Dimethylsulfoniproprionate (DMSP) is a common metabolite produced by marine microorganisms and it acts as a significant carbon and sulfur source for marine bacteria. Degradation of DMSP occurs by either the cleavage pathway or the demethylation pathway <ref> Reisch, C.R., Moran, M.A., Whitman, W.B. (2008). Dimethylsulfoniopropionate-Dependent Demethylase (DmdA) from Pelagibacter ubique and Silicibacter pomeroyi. J. Bacteriol. 190: 8018-8024. </ref>. The demethylation pathway is characterized by the conversion of DMSP into methylmercaptopropionate (MMPA). Dimethylsulfoniopropionate-Dependendent Demethylase (DmdA) is the first enzyme in the demethylation pathway and facilitates this conversion by acting as a transferase~~. While the exact mechanism of DmdA is still unknown, a proposed mechanism has recently been published~~.

Dimethylsulfoniproprionate (DMSP) is a common metabolite produced by marine microorganisms and it acts as a significant carbon and sulfur source for marine bacteria. Degradation of DMSP occurs by either the cleavage pathway or the demethylation pathway <ref> Reisch, C.R., Moran, M.A., Whitman, W.B. (2008). Dimethylsulfoniopropionate-Dependent Demethylase (DmdA) from Pelagibacter ubique and Silicibacter pomeroyi. J. Bacteriol. 190: 8018-8024. </ref>. The demethylation pathway is characterized by the conversion of DMSP into methylmercaptopropionate (MMPA). Dimethylsulfoniopropionate-Dependendent Demethylase (DmdA) is the first enzyme in the demethylation pathway and facilitates this conversion by acting as a methyl transferase.

==Structure==

The structure of DmdA ~~was~~ recently solved through X-Ray ~~Diffraction~~ <ref> Image from the RCSB PDB (www.pdb.org) of PDB ID 3TFH (Schuller, D.J., Reisch, C.R., Moran, M.A., Whitman, W.B., Lanzilotta, W.N. (2012) Structures of dimethylsulfoniopropinate-dependent demethylase from the marine organism pelagabacter ubique. Protein Sci. 21: 289-298). </ref>. The structure ~~contains~~ 369 amino ~~acids folded into~~ four ~~domains~~ and ~~containing~~ two ~~ligands~~.

The structure of DmdA has recently been solved through the use of X-Ray diffraction. <ref> Image from the RCSB PDB (www.pdb.org) of PDB ID 3TFH (Schuller, D.J., Reisch, C.R., Moran, M.A., Whitman, W.B., Lanzilotta, W.N. (2012) Structures of dimethylsulfoniopropinate-dependent demethylase from the marine organism pelagabacter ubique. Protein Sci. 21: 289-298). </ref>. The structure is composed of 369 amino acid residues and contains three distinct domains and four ligands, two of which are sodium ions and two of which are glycerol. While DmdA belongs to the glycine cleavage T-protein (GcvT) family there is only approximately 25% sequence identify. These few conserved amino acids likely interact with tetrahydrofolate (THF), which is a cofactor required by DmdA as well as many other enzymes in the GcvT family.

==Mechanism of Action==

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@@ Line 8: / Line 8: @@
 ==Introduction==
-Dimethylsulfoniproprionate (DMSP) is a common metabolite produced by marine microorganisms and it acts as a significant carbon and sulfur source for marine bacteria. Degradation of DMSP occurs by either the cleavage pathway or the demethylation pathway <ref> Reisch, C.R., Moran, M.A., Whitman, W.B. (2008). Dimethylsulfoniopropionate-Dependent Demethylase (DmdA) from Pelagibacter ubique and Silicibacter pomeroyi. J. Bacteriol. 190: 8018-8024. </ref>. The demethylation pathway is characterized by the conversion of DMSP into methylmercaptopropionate (MMPA). Dimethylsulfoniopropionate-Dependendent Demethylase (DmdA) is the first enzyme in the demethylation pathway and facilitates this conversion by acting as a transferase. While the exact mechanism of DmdA is still unknown, a proposed mechanism has recently been published.
+Dimethylsulfoniproprionate (DMSP) is a common metabolite produced by marine microorganisms and it acts as a significant carbon and sulfur source for marine bacteria. Degradation of DMSP occurs by either the cleavage pathway or the demethylation pathway  <ref> Reisch, C.R., Moran, M.A., Whitman, W.B. (2008). Dimethylsulfoniopropionate-Dependent Demethylase (DmdA) from Pelagibacter ubique and Silicibacter pomeroyi. J. Bacteriol. 190: 8018-8024. </ref>. The demethylation pathway is characterized by the conversion of DMSP into methylmercaptopropionate (MMPA). Dimethylsulfoniopropionate-Dependendent Demethylase (DmdA) is the first enzyme in the demethylation pathway and facilitates this conversion by acting as a methyl transferase.
 ==Structure==
-The structure of DmdA was recently solved through X-Ray Diffraction <ref> Image from the RCSB PDB (www.pdb.org) of PDB ID 3TFH (Schuller, D.J., Reisch, C.R., Moran, M.A., Whitman, W.B., Lanzilotta, W.N. (2012) Structures of dimethylsulfoniopropinate-dependent demethylase from the marine organism pelagabacter ubique. Protein Sci. 21: 289-298). </ref>. The structure contains 369 amino acids folded into four domains and containing two ligands.
+The structure of DmdA has recently been solved through the use of X-Ray diffraction. <ref> Image from the RCSB PDB (www.pdb.org) of PDB ID 3TFH (Schuller, D.J., Reisch, C.R., Moran, M.A., Whitman, W.B., Lanzilotta, W.N. (2012) Structures of dimethylsulfoniopropinate-dependent demethylase from the marine organism pelagabacter ubique. Protein Sci. 21: 289-298). </ref>. The structure is composed of 369 amino acid residues and contains three distinct domains and four ligands, two of which are sodium ions and two of which are glycerol. While DmdA belongs to the glycine cleavage T-protein (GcvT) family there is only approximately 25% sequence identify. These few conserved amino acids likely interact with tetrahydrofolate (THF), which is a cofactor required by DmdA as well as many other enzymes in the GcvT family.
 ==Mechanism of Action==