Sandbox Reserved 470: Difference between revisions
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{{Sandbox_Reserved_Robert_B_Rose_1}} | {{Sandbox_Reserved_Robert_B_Rose_1}} | ||
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==Introduction== | |||
---- | ---- | ||
'''[[Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate Dehydrogenase]]''' | '''[[Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate Dehydrogenase]]''' | ||
<Structure load='3gpd' size='350' frame='true' align='right' caption='Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate Dehydrogenase' scene='Insert optional scene name here' />(abbreviated as GAPDH or the less common G3PDH) (EC 1.2.1.12) ~37kDa is a well-known [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enzyme enzyme] which catalyzes the sixth step of [[glycolysis]], a reversible cytosolic process in [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eukaryote eukaryotes] which involves the breakdown of glucose for energy and carbon molecules. Along with its role in glycolysis and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gluconeogenesis gluconeogenesis], recent research has determined that GAPDH is actually a multifunctional protein, as it has numerous defined, non-metabolic functions involved in multiple subcellular processes including [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transcription transcription] activation, ER to Golgi transportation, transcriptional control of histone [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gene_Expression gene expression], nuclear membrane fusion, neuronal initiation of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apoptosis apoptosis], recognizing fraudulently incorporated nucleotides in DNA, and maintaining [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telomere telomere] structures. Research also shows that it possibly has a direct involvement in cellular phenotype of human [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neurodegeneration neurodegenerative] disorders, especially those characterized by expansion of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAG_Triplet_Repeat_Disorders CAG repeats]. | <Structure load='3gpd' size='350' frame='true' align='right' caption='Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate Dehydrogenase' scene='Insert optional scene name here' />(abbreviated as GAPDH or the less common G3PDH) (EC 1.2.1.12) ~37kDa is a well-known [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enzyme enzyme] which catalyzes the sixth step of [[glycolysis]], a reversible cytosolic process in [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eukaryote eukaryotes] which involves the breakdown of glucose for energy and carbon molecules. Along with its role in glycolysis and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gluconeogenesis gluconeogenesis], recent research has determined that GAPDH is actually a multifunctional protein, as it has numerous defined, non-metabolic functions involved in multiple subcellular processes including [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transcription transcription] activation, ER to Golgi transportation, transcriptional control of histone [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gene_Expression gene expression], nuclear membrane fusion, neuronal initiation of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apoptosis apoptosis], recognizing fraudulently incorporated nucleotides in DNA, and maintaining [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telomere telomere] structures. Research also shows that it possibly has a direct involvement in cellular phenotype of human [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neurodegeneration neurodegenerative] disorders, especially those characterized by expansion of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAG_Triplet_Repeat_Disorders CAG repeats]. | ||
==Structure== | |||
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GAPDH has two domains, a GAPDH-like, C-terminal domain, and an NAD Binding Domain. | |||
*The NAD (Nucleotide) Binding Domain is an Alpha Beta 3-Layer(α-β-α) Sandwich, including amino acids 1-138 and 301-340 on chains O and Q . Its [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CATH CATH] reports a Rossmann fold and a classification as an [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxidoreductase oxidoreductase]. | |||
*The GAPDH-like, C-terminal domain (Catalytic domain) is an Alpha Beta 2-Layer(α-β) Sandwich, including amino acids 139 - 300 on chains O and Q . Its CATH reports a holo-D-Glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate Dehydrogenase, (domain 2) and a classification as an oxidoreductase (aldehyde(D)-NAD(A)). | |||
==Importance== | |||
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'''Role in Glycolysis:''' | '''Role in Glycolysis:''' | ||
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<references/> | <references/> | ||
#↑"GAPDH glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase [Homo sapiens] - Gene - NCBI." National Center for Biotechnology Information. N.p., n.d. Web. 1 May 2012. '''<ref>'''"GAPDH glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase [Homo sapiens] - Gene - NCBI." National Center for Biotechnology Information. N.p., n.d. Web. 1 May 2012. '''[<http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/2597>]'''. '''<ref/>''' | #↑"GAPDH glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase [Homo sapiens] - Gene - NCBI." National Center for Biotechnology Information. N.p., n.d. Web. 1 May 2012. '''<ref>'''"GAPDH glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase [Homo sapiens] - Gene - NCBI." National Center for Biotechnology Information. N.p., n.d. Web. 1 May 2012. '''[<http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/2597>]'''. '''<ref/>''' | ||
#↑"Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase." Stanford University. N.p., n.d. Web. 22 Apr. 2012. '''<ref>'''"Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase." Stanford University. N.p., n.d. Web. 22 Apr. 2012. '''[<http://www.stanford.edu/~mmogri/bio/gapdh/structure.html>]'''. '''</ref>''' | |||
#↑"Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (EC 1." European Bioinformatics Institute | Homepage | EBI. N.p., n.d. Web. 1 May 2012. '''<ref>'''"Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (EC 1." European Bioinformatics Institute | Homepage | EBI. N.p., n.d. Web. 1 May 2012. '''[<http://www.ebi.ac.uk/interpro/potm/2004_2/Page3.htm>]'''.'''</ref>''' | #↑"Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (EC 1." European Bioinformatics Institute | Homepage | EBI. N.p., n.d. Web. 1 May 2012. '''<ref>'''"Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (EC 1." European Bioinformatics Institute | Homepage | EBI. N.p., n.d. Web. 1 May 2012. '''[<http://www.ebi.ac.uk/interpro/potm/2004_2/Page3.htm>]'''.'''</ref>''' | ||
#↑"Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia." Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. N.p., n.d. Web. 1 May 2012. '''<ref>'''"Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia." Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. N.p., n.d. Web. 1 May 2012. '''[<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glyceraldehyde_3-phosphate_dehydrogenase>]'''. '''</ref>''' | #↑"Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia." Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. N.p., n.d. Web. 1 May 2012. '''<ref>'''"Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia." Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. N.p., n.d. Web. 1 May 2012. '''[<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glyceraldehyde_3-phosphate_dehydrogenase>]'''. '''</ref>''' | ||
