Sandbox Reserved 452: Difference between revisions

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== Mechanism ==

Most of the biological functions that c-myc performs involves herterodimerization with Max. C-Myc primary function is activating the transcription of genes involved in cell proliferation, growth, and metabolism by binding to the DNA sequence CAGTG, also known as the Enhancer box, when it has dimerized with Max. Many studies have shown that without dimerizing to Max, c-Myc would not be able to bind to DNA, which makes ~~thier~~ interaction important to cellular function<ref>PMID:1501888</ref><ref>PMID:7577944</ref>. When c-Myc/Max form a herterodimer and bind DNA transcription becomes activated. When Myc-Max are bound this allows for proteins involved in transcription to bind like, TBP, TBIIE, TRRAP, etc. In a normal cell c-myc is very regulated and expresses little c-myc when the cell is resting. When cells becomes stimulated by growth factors c-myc is drastically increased. Over expression of c-myc in a normal cells results in apoptosis so that the organism is protected from abnormal cell growth. In abnormal cell when the c-myc gene is over expressed leads to cancer.

Most of the biological functions that c-myc performs involves herterodimerization with Max. C-Myc primary function is activating the transcription of genes involved in cell proliferation, growth, and metabolism by binding to the DNA sequence CAGTG, also known as the Enhancer box, when it has dimerized with Max. Many studies have shown that without dimerizing to Max, c-Myc would not be able to bind to DNA, which makes their interaction important to cellular function<ref>PMID:1501888</ref><ref>PMID:7577944</ref>. When c-Myc/Max form a herterodimer and bind DNA transcription becomes activated. When Myc-Max are bound, this allows for proteins involved in transcription to bind like TBP, TBIIE, TRRAP, etc. In a normal cell c-myc is very regulated and expresses little c-myc when the cell is resting. When cells becomes stimulated by growth factors c-myc is drastically increased. Over expression of c-myc in a normal cells results in apoptosis so that the organism is protected from abnormal cell growth. In abnormal cell when the c-myc gene is over expressed leads to cancer.

== Medical Uses ==

The over expression of c-myc is one of the most common findings in human cancer, ~~however~~ it is still unclear how it acts to promote abnormal cell growth. Studies have shown that the greater amounts of c-myc present the higher your chances are for having cancer. Researchers have been looking into the binding of c-myc with max to see if ~~that~~ would deregulate is expression~~, taking~~ the c-myc protein out of the organism all together~~, and~~ mutating certain regions where c-myc binds DNA to try and understand why it effects proliferation eventually ~~causing~~ cancer. One of the most common forms of cancer that c-myc is involved in is [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burkitt's_lymphoma Burkitts's lymphoma]. In this cancer, c-myc proto-oncogene is moved from ~~its~~ normal position on chromosome 8 by ~~recipricol~~ translocation to an enhancer region close to chromosome 14, the gene that is capable of making antibodies. Since antibodies are frequently used in the body to maintain a ~~good~~ immune system, it is frequently transcribed. So c-myc ends up becoming ~~uncontrolably~~ transcribed when it is translocated to this region.

The over expression of c-myc is one of the most common findings in human cancer. However, it is still unclear how it acts to promote abnormal cell growth. Studies have shown that the greater amounts of c-myc present, the higher your chances are for having cancer. Researchers have been looking into the binding of c-myc with max to see if it would deregulate c-myc's expression. This takes the c-myc protein out of the organism all together. They also have looked at mutating certain regions where c-myc binds DNA to try and understand why it effects proliferation that eventually causes cancer. One of the most common forms of cancer that c-myc is involved in is [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burkitt's_lymphoma Burkitts's lymphoma]. In this cancer, c-myc proto-oncogene is moved from it's normal position on chromosome 8 by reciprocal translocation to an enhancer region close to chromosome 14, the gene that is capable of making antibodies. Since antibodies are frequently used in the body to maintain a healthy immune system, c-myc is frequently transcribed in this region. So c-myc ends up becoming uncontrollably transcribed when it is translocated to this region.

C-myc could potentially become useful in cancer therapy as a drug, but until more is known about its mechanism and binding, the cure for cancer will still be unknown.

Sandbox Reserved 452: Difference between revisions

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 == Mechanism ==
-Most of the biological functions that c-myc performs involves herterodimerization with Max. C-Myc primary function is activating the transcription of genes involved in cell proliferation, growth, and metabolism by binding to the DNA sequence CAGTG, also known as the Enhancer box, when it has dimerized with Max. Many studies have shown that without dimerizing to Max, c-Myc would not be able to bind to DNA, which makes thier interaction important to cellular function<ref>PMID:1501888</ref><ref>PMID:7577944</ref>. When c-Myc/Max form a herterodimer and bind DNA transcription becomes activated. When Myc-Max are bound this allows for proteins involved in transcription to bind like, TBP, TBIIE, TRRAP, etc. In a normal cell c-myc is very regulated and expresses little c-myc when the cell is resting. When cells becomes stimulated by growth factors c-myc is drastically increased. Over expression of c-myc in a normal cells results in apoptosis so that the organism is protected from abnormal cell growth. In abnormal cell when the c-myc gene is over expressed leads to cancer.
+Most of the biological functions that c-myc performs involves herterodimerization with Max. C-Myc primary function is activating the transcription of genes involved in cell proliferation, growth, and metabolism by binding to the DNA sequence CAGTG, also known as the Enhancer box, when it has dimerized with Max. Many studies have shown that without dimerizing to Max, c-Myc would not be able to bind to DNA, which makes their interaction important to cellular function<ref>PMID:1501888</ref><ref>PMID:7577944</ref>. When c-Myc/Max form a herterodimer and bind DNA transcription becomes activated. When Myc-Max are bound, this allows for proteins involved in transcription to bind like TBP, TBIIE, TRRAP, etc. In a normal cell c-myc is very regulated and expresses little c-myc when the cell is resting. When cells becomes stimulated by growth factors c-myc is drastically increased. Over expression of c-myc in a normal cells results in apoptosis so that the organism is protected from abnormal cell growth. In abnormal cell when the c-myc gene is over expressed leads to cancer.
 == Medical Uses  ==
-The over expression of c-myc is one of the most common findings in human cancer, however it is still unclear how it acts to promote abnormal cell growth. Studies have shown that the greater amounts of c-myc present the higher your chances are for having cancer. Researchers have been looking into the binding of c-myc with max to see if that would deregulate is expression, taking the c-myc protein out of the organism all together, and mutating certain regions where c-myc binds DNA to try and understand why it effects proliferation eventually causing cancer. One of the most common forms of cancer that c-myc is involved in is [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burkitt's_lymphoma Burkitts's lymphoma]. In this cancer, c-myc proto-oncogene is moved from its normal position on chromosome 8 by recipricol translocation to an enhancer region close to chromosome 14, the gene that is capable of making antibodies. Since antibodies are frequently used in the body to maintain a good immune system, it is frequently transcribed. So c-myc ends up becoming uncontrolably transcribed when it is translocated to this region.
+The over expression of c-myc is one of the most common findings in human cancer.  However, it is still unclear how it acts to promote abnormal cell growth. Studies have shown that the greater amounts of c-myc present, the higher your chances are for having cancer. Researchers have been looking into the binding of c-myc with max to see if it would deregulate c-myc's expression.  This takes the c-myc protein out of the organism all together.  They also have looked at mutating certain regions where c-myc binds DNA to try and understand why it effects proliferation that eventually causes cancer. One of the most common forms of cancer that c-myc is involved in is [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burkitt's_lymphoma Burkitts's lymphoma]. In this cancer, c-myc proto-oncogene is moved from it's normal position on chromosome 8 by reciprocal translocation to an enhancer region close to chromosome 14, the gene that is capable of making antibodies. Since antibodies are frequently used in the body to maintain a healthy immune system, c-myc is frequently transcribed in this region. So c-myc ends up becoming uncontrollably transcribed when it is translocated to this region.
 C-myc could potentially become useful in cancer therapy as a drug, but until more is known about its mechanism and binding, the cure for cancer will still be unknown.