G09SecL04Tpc2: Difference between revisions
From Proteopedia
Jump to navigationJump to search
Nabil Faridi (talk | contribs) No edit summary |
Nabil Faridi (talk | contribs) No edit summary |
||
| Line 48: | Line 48: | ||
====Hiding in less accessible compartments such as the Extracellular Matrix==== | ====Hiding in less accessible compartments such as the Extracellular Matrix==== | ||
Spirochetes from Borrelia survive by hiding in less accessible regions such as the extracellular matrix. From here they are able to invade multiple organ sites and avoid being easily found. Leukocytes in the bloodstream are not able to detect the spirochetes in the extracellular matrix. Borrelia is able to bind to many proteins in the extracellular matrix ensuring the survival of its spirochetes. This is supported by the finding that spirochete associated plasmin degrades the protein fibronectin which is located on the extracellular matrix. | |||
===Crossing the Blood-Brain Barrier to the CNS=== | ===Crossing the Blood-Brain Barrier to the CNS=== | ||
After surviving the initial response from the immune system, the Borrelia makes its way to the central nervous system and crosses into the blood brain barrier. The fact that Borrelia enters the cerebrospinal fluid is well documented through [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polymerase_chain_reaction PCR] and culture methods, but its exact passing into the blood brain barrier is still at speculation. The two main theories involve transcellular passage and the penetration of the spirochetes between the endothelial cells or intercellular passage. The theory of paracellular passage also exists suggesting a combination of the two.<ref name=art7>PMID:15664945</ref> The brain microvascular endothelial cells, or BMECs, limit the transport of solutes into the brain and protects it from being invaded by pathogens. BMECs are connected by a web of tight intercellular junctions. Borrelia has been shown to bind to human BMEC at cell borders or near the tips supporting a paracellular transmigration theory. Activation cascades across the BMEC may result in the degradation of the tight cellular junctions at specific focal points resulting in a Borrelia invasion.<ref name=art7>PMID:15664945</ref> | After surviving the initial response from the immune system, the Borrelia makes its way to the central nervous system and crosses into the blood brain barrier. The fact that Borrelia enters the cerebrospinal fluid is well documented through [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polymerase_chain_reaction PCR] and culture methods, but its exact passing into the blood brain barrier is still at speculation. The two main theories involve transcellular passage and the penetration of the spirochetes between the endothelial cells or intercellular passage. The theory of paracellular passage also exists suggesting a combination of the two.<ref name=art7>PMID:15664945</ref> The brain microvascular endothelial cells, or BMECs, limit the transport of solutes into the brain and protects it from being invaded by pathogens. BMECs are connected by a web of tight intercellular junctions. Borrelia has been shown to bind to human BMEC at cell borders or near the tips supporting a paracellular transmigration theory. Activation cascades across the BMEC may result in the degradation of the tight cellular junctions at specific focal points resulting in a Borrelia invasion.<ref name=art7>PMID:15664945</ref> | ||
==3-D Structures== | ==3-D Structures== | ||
