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==Implications and Applications==

Microorganisms that fix nitrogen are known as diazotrophs. The main problem occurring for these organisms is the oxygen that interferes with nitrogenase, the enzyme that converts the nitrogen to ammonia. The problem lies in the fact that some organisms need oxygen to live, but need it not interfere with nitrogenase. Others fare better by living in low oxygen environments, so no help is necessary (~~Ref 10~~).

Microorganisms that fix nitrogen are known as diazotrophs. The main problem occurring for these organisms is the oxygen that interferes with nitrogenase, the enzyme that converts the nitrogen to ammonia. The problem lies in the fact that some organisms need oxygen to live, but need it not interfere with nitrogenase. Others fare better by living in low oxygen environments, so no help is necessary <ref name=ten />Postgate, J (1998). Nitrogen Fixation, 3rd Edition. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge UK.</ref>.

The diazotrophs are split into two categories, one being free-living and the other symbiotic. The free-living diazotrophs don’t need Leghemoglobin for nitrogen fixation as they have their own way of staying away from oxygen. These evolutions could vary, including living in low-oxygen areas or respiring oxygen quickly enough to keep levels low (Ref 10 and 11).

Organisms that use Leghemoglobin form root nodules that are important symbiotically with different types of bacteria. The legume family Fabecea consists of the species using Leghemoglobin, with some minor exceptions. Examples of organisms in this family are clovers, soybeans, alfalfa, lupines, and peanuts (Ref ~~10 and~~ 11).

Organisms that use Leghemoglobin form root nodules that are important symbiotically with different types of bacteria. The legume family Fabecea consists of the species using Leghemoglobin, with some minor exceptions. Examples of organisms in this family are clovers, soybeans, alfalfa, lupines, and peanuts <ref name=ten /> (Ref 11).

Other nitrogen fixing plants don’t need oxygen, or need very trace amounts, for nitrogen fixation. Some need heterocysts, which are specific nitrogen-fixing cells, and have no need for Leghemoglobin because of its own anti-oxygen evolved state. Examples of what could replace Leghemoglobins are proteins that are specific to scavenging oxygen out of the cells, as well as having multiple cell walls, one of which is a glycolipid, that helps to keep out oxygen ~~(Ref 10)~~.

Other nitrogen fixing plants don’t need oxygen, or need very trace amounts, for nitrogen fixation. Some need heterocysts, which are specific nitrogen-fixing cells, and have no need for Leghemoglobin because of its own anti-oxygen evolved state. Examples of what could replace Leghemoglobins are proteins that are specific to scavenging oxygen out of the cells, as well as having multiple cell walls, one of which is a glycolipid, that helps to keep out oxygen <ref name=ten />.

==Structure==

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 ==Implications and Applications==
-Microorganisms that fix nitrogen are known as diazotrophs.  The main problem occurring for these organisms is the oxygen that interferes with nitrogenase, the enzyme that converts the nitrogen to ammonia.  The problem lies in the fact that some organisms need oxygen to live, but need it not interfere with nitrogenase.  Others fare better by living in low oxygen environments, so no help is necessary (Ref 10).
+Microorganisms that fix nitrogen are known as diazotrophs.  The main problem occurring for these organisms is the oxygen that interferes with nitrogenase, the enzyme that converts the nitrogen to ammonia.  The problem lies in the fact that some organisms need oxygen to live, but need it not interfere with nitrogenase.  Others fare better by living in low oxygen environments, so no help is necessary <ref name=ten />Postgate, J (1998). Nitrogen Fixation, 3rd Edition. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge UK.</ref>.
 The diazotrophs are split into two categories, one being free-living and the other symbiotic.  The free-living diazotrophs don’t need Leghemoglobin for nitrogen fixation as they have their own way of staying away from oxygen.  These evolutions could vary, including living in low-oxygen areas or respiring oxygen quickly enough to keep levels low (Ref 10 and 11).
-Organisms that use Leghemoglobin form root nodules that are important symbiotically with different types of bacteria.  The legume family Fabecea consists of the species using Leghemoglobin, with some minor exceptions.  Examples of organisms in this family are clovers, soybeans, alfalfa, lupines, and peanuts (Ref 10 and 11).
+Organisms that use Leghemoglobin form root nodules that are important symbiotically with different types of bacteria.  The legume family Fabecea consists of the species using Leghemoglobin, with some minor exceptions.  Examples of organisms in this family are clovers, soybeans, alfalfa, lupines, and peanuts <ref name=ten /> (Ref 11).
-Other nitrogen fixing plants don’t need oxygen, or need very trace amounts, for nitrogen fixation.  Some need heterocysts, which are specific nitrogen-fixing cells, and have no need for Leghemoglobin because of its own anti-oxygen evolved state.  Examples of what could replace Leghemoglobins are proteins that are specific to scavenging oxygen out of the cells, as well as having multiple cell walls, one of which is a glycolipid, that helps to keep out oxygen (Ref 10).
+Other nitrogen fixing plants don’t need oxygen, or need very trace amounts, for nitrogen fixation.  Some need heterocysts, which are specific nitrogen-fixing cells, and have no need for Leghemoglobin because of its own anti-oxygen evolved state.  Examples of what could replace Leghemoglobins are proteins that are specific to scavenging oxygen out of the cells, as well as having multiple cell walls, one of which is a glycolipid, that helps to keep out oxygen <ref name=ten />.
 ==Structure==