Sandbox Reserved 702: Difference between revisions

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=== Associated disease ===

=== ~~Symptoms~~ of ~~anthrax~~ ===

==== Different forms of disease ====

~~The anthrax disease~~ develops when the organism enters in contact with spores of ''Bacillus anthracis''. Syptoms are depending on the contamination mode. The cutaneous contamination results from a contact of spores with an injury. It leads to an ulcer and to the formation of vesicles. In 80 % of the cases the wound heals without complications. However, sometimes an oedema can develop itsel and grow. In that case, anthrax can lead to the death of the patient.

Anthrax develops when the organism enters in contact with spores of ''Bacillus anthracis''. Syptoms are depending on the contamination mode. The cutaneous contamination results from a contact of spores with an injury. It leads to an ulcer and to the formation of vesicles. In 80 % of the cases the wound heals without complications. However, sometimes an oedema can develop itsel and grow. In that case, anthrax can lead to the death of the patient.

A gastrointestinal contamination can result from the consumption of contaminated meat. This form of anthrax leads to ulcers, nauseas, diarrhoea and blood poisonning. It can also be lethal if it is not rapidly treated.

Finally, anthrax spores can cause a pulmonary infection by inhalation. The symptoms developed are similar to those of influenza and they evolve into breathing difficulties and hypotension. Blood poisonning and meningitis can also occur. Because of the severe symptoms, the pulmonary infection remains highly lethal.

The mortality is caused by the combined effects of bacterial toxins (toxaemia) and baterial growth (becteremia).

==== Action of the toxin ====

The secreted proteins can produce two toxic actions. The protective antigen associated with the lethal factor forms the lehtal toxin wile associated with the edema factor it forms the edema toxin. The lethal toxin is involved in the bacterial virulence. The edema toxin plays a key role in anthrax pathogenesis by modulating functions necessary for immunity.

Injection of the lethal toxin causes death of rats, whereas the edema toxin causes oedema in the skin of guinea pigs.

Since the edema factor secreted by ''Bacillus anthracis'' leads to a massive cAMP formation, it affects intracellular signalling pathways. This factor may also play a key role in anthrax pathogenesis by disrupting the host cell's defence against bacterial infection. The toxin has effects on macrophages, dendritic cells, neutrophils, endothelial cells and on the antigen presentation of T cells. Fot instance, it inhibits the phagocytic activity of neutrophils and alters cytokine production of monocytes.

Sandbox Reserved 702: Difference between revisions

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@@ Line 13: / Line 13: @@
+=== Associated disease ===
-=== Symptoms of anthrax ===
+==== Different forms of disease ====
-The anthrax disease develops when the organism enters in contact with spores of ''Bacillus anthracis''. Syptoms are depending on the contamination mode. The cutaneous contamination results from a contact of spores with an injury. It leads to an ulcer and to the formation of vesicles. In 80 % of the cases the wound heals without complications. However, sometimes an oedema can develop itsel and grow. In that case, anthrax can lead to the death of the patient.
+Anthrax develops when the organism enters in contact with spores of ''Bacillus anthracis''. Syptoms are depending on the contamination mode. The cutaneous contamination results from a contact of spores with an injury. It leads to an ulcer and to the formation of vesicles. In 80 % of the cases the wound heals without complications. However, sometimes an oedema can develop itsel and grow. In that case, anthrax can lead to the death of the patient.
 A gastrointestinal contamination can result from the consumption of contaminated meat. This form of anthrax leads to ulcers, nauseas, diarrhoea and blood poisonning. It can also be lethal if it is not rapidly treated.
 Finally, anthrax spores can cause a pulmonary infection by inhalation. The symptoms developed are similar to those of influenza and they evolve into breathing difficulties and hypotension. Blood poisonning and meningitis can also occur. Because of the severe symptoms, the pulmonary infection remains highly lethal.
+The mortality is caused by the combined effects of bacterial toxins (toxaemia) and baterial growth (becteremia).
+==== Action of the toxin ====
+The secreted proteins can produce two toxic actions. The protective antigen associated with the lethal factor forms the lehtal toxin wile associated with the edema factor it forms the edema toxin. The lethal toxin is involved in the bacterial virulence. The edema toxin plays a key role in anthrax pathogenesis by modulating functions necessary for immunity.
+Injection of the lethal toxin causes death of rats, whereas the edema toxin causes oedema in the skin of guinea pigs.
+Since the edema factor secreted by ''Bacillus anthracis'' leads to a massive cAMP formation, it affects intracellular signalling pathways. This factor may also play a key role in anthrax pathogenesis by disrupting the host cell's defence against bacterial infection. The toxin has effects on macrophages, dendritic cells, neutrophils, endothelial cells and on the antigen presentation of T cells. Fot instance, it inhibits the phagocytic activity of neutrophils and alters cytokine production of monocytes.