Sandbox Reserved 695: Difference between revisions

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STILL MAKING FINAL ADDITIONS

Under normal circumstances, the voltage gated sodium channel, or (VGSC), serve to propagate the action potential down the axon, responding to elevated intracellular potential by opening the channel, allowing the rapid influx of sodium ions, which elevates the potential further, propagating the action potential. In a seizure, the synchronized activity of action potentials leads to very high frequency action potentials, leading to muscular convulsions and other symptoms <ref>McCormick DA, Contreras D. On the cellular and network bases of epileptic seizures. Annu Rev Physiol. 2001;63:815-46.</ref>. However, anticonvulsant drugs suppress seizures by limiting the high frequency firing of action potentials. These drugs do not interfere heavily with normal neurological activity, because they have little effect in neurons with normal resting potentials <ref>Rogawski, M., & Löscher, W. (2004). The neurobiology of antiepileptic drugs. Nature Reviews. Neuroscience, 5(7), 553-564.</ref>

Under normal circumstances, the voltage gated sodium channel, or (<scene name='Sandbox_Reserved_695/Vgsc_original/1'>VGSC</scene>), serve to propagate the action potential down the axon, responding to elevated intracellular potential by opening the channel, allowing the rapid influx of sodium ions, which elevates the potential further, propagating the action potential. In a seizure, the synchronized activity of action potentials leads to very high frequency action potentials, leading to muscular convulsions and other symptoms <ref>McCormick DA, Contreras D. On the cellular and network bases of epileptic seizures. Annu Rev Physiol. 2001;63:815-46.</ref>. However, anticonvulsant drugs suppress seizures by limiting the high frequency firing of action potentials. These drugs do not interfere heavily with normal neurological activity, because they have little effect in neurons with normal resting potentials <ref>Rogawski, M., & Löscher, W. (2004). The neurobiology of antiepileptic drugs. Nature Reviews. Neuroscience, 5(7), 553-564.</ref>

Structural determination of the <scene name='Sandbox_Reserved_695/Vgsc_original/1'>VGSC</scene> has revealed it to be composed of four homologous domains, each of which has six transmembrane regions, while the pore is composed of the S5 and S6 segments <ref>Sato C, Ueno Y, Asai K, Takahashi K, Sato M, Engel A, Fujiyoshi Y: The voltage-sensitive sodium channel is a bell-shaped molecule with several cavities. Nature 2001, 409:1047-1051.</ref>. For a better illustration of the structure, see [http://genomebiology.com/content/figures/gb-2003-4-3-207-1.jpg Schematic of Transmembrane regions of VGSC] <ref>F.H. Yu, W.A. Catterall Overview of the voltage-gated sodium channel superfamily Genome Biol., 4 (2003), pp. 207–214</ref>.

==Structure==

Sandbox Reserved 695: Difference between revisions

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 STILL MAKING FINAL ADDITIONS
-Under normal circumstances, the voltage gated sodium channel, or (VGSC), serve to propagate the action potential down the axon, responding to elevated intracellular potential by opening the channel, allowing the rapid influx of sodium ions, which elevates the potential further, propagating the action potential. In a seizure, the synchronized activity of action potentials leads to very high frequency action potentials, leading to muscular convulsions and other symptoms <ref>McCormick DA, Contreras D. On the cellular and network bases of epileptic seizures. Annu Rev Physiol. 2001;63:815-46.</ref>. However, anticonvulsant drugs suppress seizures by limiting the high frequency firing of action potentials. These drugs do not interfere heavily with normal neurological activity, because they have little effect in neurons with normal resting potentials <ref>Rogawski, M., & Löscher, W. (2004). The neurobiology of antiepileptic drugs. Nature Reviews. Neuroscience, 5(7), 553-564.</ref>
+Under normal circumstances, the voltage gated sodium channel, or (<scene name='Sandbox_Reserved_695/Vgsc_original/1'>VGSC</scene>), serve to propagate the action potential down the axon, responding to elevated intracellular potential by opening the channel, allowing the rapid influx of sodium ions, which elevates the potential further, propagating the action potential. In a seizure, the synchronized activity of action potentials leads to very high frequency action potentials, leading to muscular convulsions and other symptoms <ref>McCormick DA, Contreras D. On the cellular and network bases of epileptic seizures. Annu Rev Physiol. 2001;63:815-46.</ref>. However, anticonvulsant drugs suppress seizures by limiting the high frequency firing of action potentials. These drugs do not interfere heavily with normal neurological activity, because they have little effect in neurons with normal resting potentials <ref>Rogawski, M., & Löscher, W. (2004). The neurobiology of antiepileptic drugs. Nature Reviews. Neuroscience, 5(7), 553-564.</ref>
-Structural determination of the <scene name='Sandbox_Reserved_695/Vgsc_original/1'>VGSC</scene> has revealed it to be composed of four homologous domains, each of which has six transmembrane regions, while the pore is composed of the S5 and S6 segments <ref>Sato C, Ueno Y, Asai K, Takahashi K, Sato M, Engel A, Fujiyoshi Y: The voltage-sensitive sodium channel is a bell-shaped molecule with several cavities. Nature 2001, 409:1047-1051.</ref>.  For a better illustration of the structure, see [http://genomebiology.com/content/figures/gb-2003-4-3-207-1.jpg Schematic of Transmembrane regions of VGSC] <ref>F.H. Yu, W.A. Catterall Overview of the voltage-gated sodium channel superfamily Genome Biol., 4 (2003), pp. 207–214</ref>.
 ==Structure==