SB2013 L04gr5: Difference between revisions

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[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lyme_disease Lyme disease] is the most pervasive tick-borne disease in Europe, the United States,and parts of Asia.<ref name="Coutte" /> It is a multistage infection caused by the spirochete [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borrelia_burgdorferi Borrelia burgdorferi]. Early symptoms include headaches, depression, rash, and fever. If Lyme disease is left untreated serious complications of the joints, heart and central nervous system can occur. Infected [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ixodes Ixodes ticks] in their nymph stage transmit Lyme disease by attaching to humans and other mammals<ref name="Lab Tutor" />. In most cases, the tick must be attached for 36-48 hours before the bacteria can be transmitted.<ref name="CDC" />

Vmp-like sequence Expressed protein (VlsE), is a [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lipoprotein lipoprotein] on the surface of Borrelia burgdorferi. VlsE contributes to the immune evasion and persistence of Lyme disease ~~(Couette et al. 2009)~~. VlsE contains invaraible and varaible domains. It was found that the varaible domain is highly immunogenic and the target of the immune response; however, through [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antigenic_variation antigenic variation] the lipoprotein is able to evade the host immune system (Liang ~~et al. 1999).~~

Vmp-like sequence Expressed protein (VlsE), is a [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lipoprotein lipoprotein] on the surface of Borrelia burgdorferi. VlsE contributes to the immune evasion and persistence of Lyme disease.<ref name="Coutte" /> VlsE contains invaraible and varaible domains. It was found that the varaible domain is highly immunogenic and the target of the immune response; however, through [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antigenic_variation antigenic variation] the lipoprotein is able to evade the host immune system.<ref name="Liang" />

Within the varible domain there are invariable regions that remain unchanged during antigenic varaition, and therefore may be targets of an immune response. IR6, the most conserved IR, has been found to be immnodominant. The antigencity of each of the 6 IRs have been studied using peptide-based enzyme linked immunosorbent essays,[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ELISA ELISA].(Liang ~~et al. 1999).~~

Within the varible domain there are invariable regions that remain unchanged during antigenic varaition, and therefore may be targets of an immune response. IR6, the most conserved IR, has been found to be immnodominant. The antigencity of each of the 6 IRs have been studied using peptide-based enzyme linked immunosorbent essays,[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ELISA ELISA].<ref name="Liang" />

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SB2013 L04gr5: Difference between revisions

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 [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lyme_disease Lyme disease] is the most pervasive tick-borne disease in Europe, the United States,and parts of Asia.<ref name="Coutte" /> It is a multistage infection caused by the spirochete [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borrelia_burgdorferi Borrelia burgdorferi]. Early symptoms include headaches, depression, rash, and fever. If Lyme disease is left untreated serious complications of the joints, heart and central nervous system can occur. Infected [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ixodes Ixodes ticks] in their nymph stage transmit Lyme disease by attaching to humans and other mammals<ref name="Lab Tutor" />.  In most cases, the tick must be attached for 36-48 hours before the bacteria can be transmitted.<ref name="CDC" />
-Vmp-like sequence Expressed protein (VlsE), is a [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lipoprotein lipoprotein] on the surface of Borrelia burgdorferi. VlsE contributes to the immune evasion and persistence of Lyme disease (Couette et al. 2009). VlsE contains invaraible and varaible domains. It was found that the varaible domain is highly immunogenic and the target of the immune response; however, through [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antigenic_variation antigenic variation] the lipoprotein is able to evade the host immune system (Liang et al. 1999).
+Vmp-like sequence Expressed protein (VlsE), is a [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lipoprotein lipoprotein] on the surface of Borrelia burgdorferi. VlsE contributes to the immune evasion and persistence of Lyme disease.<ref name="Coutte" /> VlsE contains invaraible and varaible domains. It was found that the varaible domain is highly immunogenic and the target of the immune response; however, through [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antigenic_variation antigenic variation] the lipoprotein is able to evade the host immune system.<ref name="Liang" />
-Within the varible domain there are invariable regions that remain unchanged during antigenic varaition, and therefore may be targets of an immune response.  IR6, the most conserved IR, has been found to be immnodominant. The antigencity of each of the 6 IRs have been studied using peptide-based enzyme linked immunosorbent essays,[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ELISA ELISA].(Liang et al. 1999).
+Within the varible domain there are invariable regions that remain unchanged during antigenic varaition, and therefore may be targets of an immune response.  IR6, the most conserved IR, has been found to be immnodominant. The antigencity of each of the 6 IRs have been studied using peptide-based enzyme linked immunosorbent essays,[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ELISA ELISA].<ref name="Liang" />
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 <Structure load='1L8W' size='400' frame='true' align='right' caption='Crystallized Structure of VlsE' scene='' />