Atropine: Difference between revisions
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<StructureSection load='2bg9' size='450' side='right' scene='' caption=''> | |||
[[Image:Atropine structure.jpg|thumb|right|1000px|Structure of Atropine]][[Atropine]] is an alkaloid drug derived from levohyscocyamine, a plant compound found in the family Solanaceae<ref> Atropine. Encyclopedia Brittanica. http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/42015/atropine</ref>. It's chemical name is 8-methyl-8-azabicycolo[3.2.1]oct-3-yl) 3-hydroxy-2-phenylpropanoate, and the most common medicinal form of atropine is atrophine sulfate ((C17H23NO3)2·H2SO4·H2O)<ref> Atropine. New World Encyclopedia. http://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/Atropine </ref>. It is a competitive antagonist of both acetylcholine receptors and phospholipase 2A and has a variety of effects on both humans and animals. | [[Image:Atropine structure.jpg|thumb|right|1000px|Structure of Atropine]][[Atropine]] is an alkaloid drug derived from levohyscocyamine, a plant compound found in the family Solanaceae<ref> Atropine. Encyclopedia Brittanica. http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/42015/atropine</ref>. It's chemical name is 8-methyl-8-azabicycolo[3.2.1]oct-3-yl) 3-hydroxy-2-phenylpropanoate, and the most common medicinal form of atropine is atrophine sulfate ((C17H23NO3)2·H2SO4·H2O)<ref> Atropine. New World Encyclopedia. http://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/Atropine </ref>. It is a competitive antagonist of both acetylcholine receptors and phospholipase 2A and has a variety of effects on both humans and animals. | ||
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=== Function and Basic Mechanism === | === Function and Basic Mechanism === | ||
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Atropine is also a good antidote for poisoning by organophosphates and nerve gases, prime agents in bioterrorism<ref> Atropine. New World Encyclopedia. http://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/Atropine </ref>, because Atropine blocks acetylcholine at muscscarininc receptors. Atropine, however, has side effects that include nausea, dizziness, blurred visions, tachycardia, and hallucinations, and due to these side effects it has recently become more popular as a recreational drug. | Atropine is also a good antidote for poisoning by organophosphates and nerve gases, prime agents in bioterrorism<ref> Atropine. New World Encyclopedia. http://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/Atropine </ref>, because Atropine blocks acetylcholine at muscscarininc receptors. Atropine, however, has side effects that include nausea, dizziness, blurred visions, tachycardia, and hallucinations, and due to these side effects it has recently become more popular as a recreational drug. | ||
[[Image:atropine.jpg|thumb| | [[Image:atropine.jpg|thumb|left|350px|Atropine Tablets]] <ref>Atropine Diphenoxylate. http://www.everydayhealth.com/drugs/atropine-diphenoxylate </ref> | ||
==== Uses in Veterinary Medicine ==== | ==== Uses in Veterinary Medicine ==== | ||
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== '''Interaction of Atropine with Phospholipase 2A''' == | == '''Interaction of Atropine with Phospholipase 2A''' == | ||
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[[Image:Phospholipase A2.gif|thumb| | <scene name='42/420811/Cv/1'>Atropine in complex with phospholipase A2</scene> ([[1th6]]). | ||
[[Image:Phospholipase A2.gif|thumb|left|350px|Phospholipase 2A in complex with cell membrane]] | |||
In addition to its ability to form complexes with acetylcholine receptors, atropine can also complex with phospholipase A2. Phospholipase A2 is a category of heat-stable enzymes which are involved in cell signaling processes, such as the inflammatory response. <ref>Kumar, Jainendra; Bala, Priti; Vihwal, Preeti. ''Analysis of Interaction of atropine with phospholipase A2 (1th6.pdb)''. Department of Botany and Biotechnlogy, College of Commerce, Patna, India.</ref>. Phospholipase 2A is an upstream regulator of inflammatory processes, and more specifically, it recognizes the sn-2 acyl bond of phospholipids and catalytically hydrolyzes the bond, releasing lysophospholipids <ref> Phospholipase A2. http://www.worldlingo.com/ma/enwiki/en/Phospholipase_A2 </ref>. | In addition to its ability to form complexes with acetylcholine receptors, atropine can also complex with phospholipase A2. Phospholipase A2 is a category of heat-stable enzymes which are involved in cell signaling processes, such as the inflammatory response. <ref>Kumar, Jainendra; Bala, Priti; Vihwal, Preeti. ''Analysis of Interaction of atropine with phospholipase A2 (1th6.pdb)''. Department of Botany and Biotechnlogy, College of Commerce, Patna, India.</ref>. Phospholipase 2A is an upstream regulator of inflammatory processes, and more specifically, it recognizes the sn-2 acyl bond of phospholipids and catalytically hydrolyzes the bond, releasing lysophospholipids <ref> Phospholipase A2. http://www.worldlingo.com/ma/enwiki/en/Phospholipase_A2 </ref>. | ||
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Removing the labels, atropine can be seen making contact with the atoms emphasized by the space filling model, interacting with the <scene name='Sandbox_53/Phospholipase2a_interactions/1'>active site</scene> of phospholipase 2A through white as-tricks. | Removing the labels, atropine can be seen making contact with the atoms emphasized by the space filling model, interacting with the <scene name='Sandbox_53/Phospholipase2a_interactions/1'>active site</scene> of phospholipase 2A through white as-tricks. | ||
</StructureSection> | |||
== '''References''' == | == '''References''' == | ||
<references/> | <references/> | ||
