Extremophile: Difference between revisions
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The ability of increasing net charge to enable higher solubility is a known phenomena<ref>doi: 10.1073/pnas.0402797101</ref>, and this study is consistent with previous reports<ref>PMID: 14741208 </ref>. The aquatic animals have increased their net charge in a variety of ways - different combinations of amino acids switches. We present one such manifestation of this overall trend, by comparing the elephant and whale myoglobin structures. | The ability of increasing net charge to enable higher solubility is a known phenomena<ref>doi: 10.1073/pnas.0402797101</ref>, and this study is consistent with previous reports<ref>PMID: 14741208 </ref>. The aquatic animals have increased their net charge in a variety of ways - different combinations of amino acids switches. We present one such manifestation of this overall trend, by comparing the elephant and whale myoglobin structures. | ||
It comes down to <scene name='55/557585/Align_test/18'>eight divergent amino acids (elephant's amino acids in yellow halos)</scene>. Without these amino acids, myoglobin in both whale and elephants has a charge of ''+1''. With them, whale myoglobin has a net charge of ''+4'' and elephants of ''+2''. Importantly, all eight of these divergent amino acids are <scene name='52/523344/Elephantwhale/34'>surface residues</scene>. | It comes down to <scene name='55/557585/Align_test/18'>eight divergent amino acids (elephant's amino acids in yellow halos, and whale's amino acids without yellow halos, adjacent to one another)</scene> that affect that charge out of 27 total divergent amino acids. Without these amino acids, myoglobin in both whale and elephants has a charge of ''+1''. With them, whale myoglobin has a net charge of ''+4'' and elephants of ''+2''. Importantly, all eight of these divergent amino acids are <scene name='52/523344/Elephantwhale/34'>surface residues</scene>. | ||
Calculate along the chain, | Calculate along the chain, how just several amino acid switches bring the positive net charge of whale myoglobin up to ''+4'' and elephants to ''+2'': (summing up the total charge of the protein) <scene name='52/523344/Elephantwhale/19'>residue position 8</scene> (<span style="color:red">'''glu'''</span> in elephents versus gln in whales), <scene name='52/523344/Elephantwhale/21'>12</scene> (<span style="color:blue">'''lys'''</span> vs. <span style="color:lightblue">'''his'''</span>), <scene name='52/523344/Elephantwhale/22'>27</scene> (thr vs. <span style="color:red">'''asp'''</span>), <scene name='52/523344/Elephantwhale/23'>34</scene> (thr vs. <span style="color:blue">'''lys'''</span> ), <scene name='52/523344/Elephantwhale/24'>87</scene> (gln vs. <span style="color:blue">'''lys'''</span> ), <scene name='52/523344/Elephantwhale/26'>116</scene> (gln vs. <span style="color:lightblue">'''his'''</span>), <scene name='52/523344/Elephantwhale/27'>132</scene> (<span style="color:blue">'''lys'''</span> vs. asn), <scene name='52/523344/Elephantwhale/28'>140</scene> (asn vs. <span style="color:blue">'''lys'''</span> ). | ||
'''note about illustration''': <span style="color:red">'''Asp and Glu'''</span> have a charge of ''-1'', <span style="color:blue">'''Arg and Lys'''</span> have a charge of ''+1'', <span style="color:lightblue">'''His'''</span> in the positions shown here - ''12'' and ''116'' (Table S2<ref name="whaleMyo" />) - have a charge of about ''+0.5''. | '''note about illustration''': <span style="color:red">'''Asp and Glu'''</span> have a charge of ''-1'', <span style="color:blue">'''Arg and Lys'''</span> have a charge of ''+1'', <span style="color:lightblue">'''His'''</span> in the positions shown here - ''12'' and ''116'' (Table S2<ref name="whaleMyo" />) - have a charge of about ''+0.5''. | ||
</StructureSection> | </StructureSection> | ||
{{Reflist}} | {{Reflist}} | ||
