Molecular Playground/IntegrinBeta1: Difference between revisions
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Integrins are surface proteins that are comprised of an alpha subunit and a beta subunit to form a functional transmembrane structure. The subunits of the heterodimer each have small cytoplasmic domains for signal transduction within the cell. | Integrins are surface proteins that are comprised of an alpha subunit and a beta subunit to form a functional transmembrane structure. The subunits of the heterodimer each have small cytoplasmic domains for signal transduction within the cell. | ||
The | The protein structure on the right has the following color coding: Blue-Alpha 5 chain, Red-Beta 1 chain, Grey-SG/19 Fab fragment light chain, Green-SG/19 Fab fragment heavy chain. | ||
==Function== | ==Function== | ||
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Here are the <scene name='60/609772/N-acetyl-d-glucosamine/2'>N-acetyl-d-glucosamine locations!</scene> N-acetyl-D-glucosamine may regulate integrin signaling during cancer cell migration<ref>PMID:19755493</ref>. | Here are the <scene name='60/609772/N-acetyl-d-glucosamine/2'>N-acetyl-d-glucosamine locations!</scene> N-acetyl-D-glucosamine may regulate integrin signaling during cancer cell migration<ref>PMID:19755493</ref>. | ||
[[Image: | [[Image:Integrin.png|315 px|thumb|Fig. 1: Schematic of integrin heterodimers binding to ECM proteins]] | ||
==Integrins and cancer== | ==Integrins and cancer== | ||
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Due to their roles in both disease and cell-matrix interactions, there is a growing interest in studying integrin function ''in vitro''. Common approaches use simple end point gene or protein expression analysis, however, ''in vitro'' studies allow for functional analysis to observe intern binding interactions in single living cells. Tools include siRNA to prevent integrin gene expression, integrin binding peptides (i.e., the RGD peptide) which bind to integrins competitively with ECM proteins)<ref>PMID:7955174</ref>, and function-affecting antibodies which can bind to integrin heterodimers and prevent binding to the ECM<ref>PMID:9105051 </ref>. When beta1 dimerizes with alpha1, it can bind to both collagens I and IV as well as laminins <ref>PMID: 12662928</ref>, which are both large components of the ECM of many tissues. Integrin alpha1 beta1 binding to a function affecting integrin antibody is shown <scene name='60/609777/With_antibody/4'>here. Chains A and B of the I domain are blue, and the heavy and light chains of the Fab fragment are red. </scene> These tools are especially useful when microenvironment stiffness<ref>PMID:20939067</ref> or composition<ref>PMID:15183609</ref> are controlled, allowing for examination of the effect of each of these cues on cell phenotype<ref>PMID:8074327</ref> or downstream signaling. | Due to their roles in both disease and cell-matrix interactions, there is a growing interest in studying integrin function ''in vitro''. Common approaches use simple end point gene or protein expression analysis, however, ''in vitro'' studies allow for functional analysis to observe intern binding interactions in single living cells. Tools include siRNA to prevent integrin gene expression, integrin binding peptides (i.e., the RGD peptide) which bind to integrins competitively with ECM proteins)<ref>PMID:7955174</ref>, and function-affecting antibodies which can bind to integrin heterodimers and prevent binding to the ECM<ref>PMID:9105051 </ref>. When beta1 dimerizes with alpha1, it can bind to both collagens I and IV as well as laminins <ref>PMID: 12662928</ref>, which are both large components of the ECM of many tissues. Integrin alpha1 beta1 binding to a function affecting integrin antibody is shown <scene name='60/609777/With_antibody/4'>here. Chains A and B of the I domain are blue, and the heavy and light chains of the Fab fragment are red. </scene> These tools are especially useful when microenvironment stiffness<ref>PMID:20939067</ref> or composition<ref>PMID:15183609</ref> are controlled, allowing for examination of the effect of each of these cues on cell phenotype<ref>PMID:8074327</ref> or downstream signaling. | ||
[[Image:231_beta1.png|315 px|thumb|Fig. 3: Beta1 integrin expression in the human breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231 stained in the Peyton Lab. Beta1 integrin (green) is expressed mainly around the periphery. DAPI stains the nuclei in blue. Scale bar is 50 microns.]] | |||
==Peyton Lab Research Interests== | ==Peyton Lab Research Interests== | ||
