Sandbox Reserved 970: Difference between revisions

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== Introduction ==
== Introduction ==


All living organisms depend on P-type ATPase to pump cation across the membrane. They play a fundamental role in their metabolism and physiology. Ca2+ ATPase is a P-type ATPase which transport calcium ions across the membrane against a concentration gradient forming a phosphorylated intermediate state (P-type). These pumps clear cytoplasm of the second messenger, the calcium. It's very important to keep a low concentration of calcium in the cell for a good cell signaling. The hydrolysis of ATP is necessary for the pump's functioning. For each ATP broken, it transfers two calcium ions through the membrane, and two or three hydrogen ions back in the opposite direction.
All living organisms depend on P-type ATPase to pump cations across membranes. They play a fundamental role in their metabolism and physiology. Ca2+ ATPase is a P-type ATPase which transport calcium ions across the membrane against a concentration gradient forming a phosphorylated intermediate state (P-type). These pumps clear cytoplasm of the second messenger, the calcium. It's very important to keep a low concentration of calcium in the cell for a good cell signaling. The hydrolysis of ATP is necessary for the pump's functioning. For each ATP hydrolysed, it transfers two calcium ions through the membrane, and two or three hydrogen ions in the opposite direction.
<ref name="second"> David Goodsell, 2004 - Calcium pump molecul of the month - PDB, doi: 10.2210/rcsb_pdb/mom_2004_3</ref>
<ref name="second"> David Goodsell, 2004 - Calcium pump molecul of the month - PDB, doi: 10.2210/rcsb_pdb/mom_2004_3</ref>


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The calcium ATPase is a protein composed of 994 aminoacids.  
The calcium ATPase is a protein composed of 994 aminoacids.  
The protein is very rich in <scene name='60/604489/Alpha_regions/1'>alpha helices regions</scene>, it contains 47% of helical regions and 16% of beta sheet regions. There are <scene name='60/604489/10_transmembrane_helices/1'>10 transmembrane alpha helices</scene>, and three of them line a channel that spans the lipid bilayer and that allows calcium to pass through membranes. It also contains too cytoplasmic loops between the transmembrane helices. When the protein is not phosphorylated, two of the transmembrane helices are disrupted and form a cavity that can bind two molecules of calcium.  
The <scene name='60/604489/Secondary_structure/1'>secondary structure</scene> of the protein is composed of helical regions (47%), beta sheet regions (16%) and loops. There are <scene name='60/604489/10_transmembrane_helices/1'>10 transmembrane alpha helices</scene>, and three of them line a channel that spans the lipid bilayer and that allows calcium to pass through membranes. It also contains too cytoplasmic loops between the transmembrane helices. When the protein is not phosphorylated, two of the transmembrane helices are disrupted and form a cavity that can bind two molecules of calcium.  


The protein is divided in <scene name='60/604489/The_4_domains_of_the_pump/1'>4 regions</scene>. The <scene name='60/604489/Transmembrane_domain/1'>transmembrane region</scene> of the protein contains the channel that span the lipid bilayer, and the calcium binding cavity.  
The protein is divided in <scene name='60/604489/The_4_domains_of_the_pump/1'>4 regions</scene>. The <scene name='60/604489/Transmembrane_domain/1'>transmembrane region</scene> of the protein contains the channel that span the lipid bilayer, and the calcium binding cavity.  
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