703DSS: Difference between revisions

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== Function ==

This receptor plays a role in multiple processes throughout the brain and gastrointestinal tract. First, this receptor is responsible for altering anxiety levels. Research has indicated that several 5-HT3 antagonists are responsible for lowering anxiety. These antagonists prevent serotonin from binding to the receptor and increase the level of serotonin in the synapse, ultimately lowering anxiety levels ~~(Kurhe~~, ~~Radhakrishnan~~, Thangaraj, & ~~Gupta~~, ~~2014~~). Second, these receptors play a role in emesis. These receptors can be found at the end of the vagus nerve located in the digestive tract, and when serotonin binds there is a stimulation of the vomiting reflex causing individuals to become ill ~~(“Serotonin~~ - Receptors and ~~effects”~~). Finally, 5-HT3 receptors are bound to mucosal endings in the stomach and upon their activation can trigger motor neurons found in the intestine (Galligan, 2002). Depending on what the function of the motor neurons are, processes like secretion and peristalsis can be altered.

This receptor plays a role in multiple processes throughout the brain and gastrointestinal tract. First, this receptor is responsible for altering anxiety levels. Research has indicated that several 5-HT3 antagonists are responsible for lowering anxiety. These antagonists prevent serotonin from binding to the receptor and increase the level of serotonin in the synapse, ultimately lowering anxiety levels<ref name="gupta">Gupta, D., Thangaraj, D., & Radhakrishnan, M. (2016). A novel 5HT3 antagonist 4i (N-(3-chloro-2-methylphenyl)quinoxalin-2-carboxamide) prevents diabetes-induced depressive phenotypes in mice: Modulation of serotonergic system. Behavioural Brain Research, 297, 41-50. doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2015.10.007</ref>. Second, these receptors play a role in emesis. These receptors can be found at the end of the vagus nerve located in the digestive tract, and when serotonin binds there is a stimulation of the vomiting reflex causing individuals to become ill<ref name="sero">Serotonin - Receptors and effects. (n.d.). Retrieved November 14, 2015, from http://www.pharmacorama.com/en/Sections/Serotonin_2_2.php</ref>. Finally, 5-HT3 receptors are bound to mucosal endings in the stomach and upon their activation can trigger motor neurons found in the intestine<ref name="galligan">Galligan, J. J. (2002). Ligand-gated ion channels in the enteric nervous system. Neurogastroenterology & Motility, 14(6), 611-623. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2982.2002.00363.x</ref>. Depending on what the function of the motor neurons are, processes like secretion and peristalsis can be altered.

As previously mentioned this receptor has both extracellular and transmembrane domains, each serving a different function. The extracellular domain operates through ligand binding in which competitive inhibitors can bind and interfere with carrying out the functions mentioned. The transmembrane domain serves to help with ion selectivity and electrical conductance and if altered can also affect signaling of any of the processes mentioned (Thompson & Lummis, 2006).

As previously mentioned this receptor has both extracellular and transmembrane domains, each serving a different function. The extracellular domain operates through ligand binding in which competitive inhibitors can bind and interfere with carrying out the functions mentioned. The transmembrane domain serves to help with ion selectivity and electrical conductance and if altered can also affect signaling of any of the processes mentioned<ref name="thompson">Thompson, A. J., & Lummis, S. C. R. (2006). 5-HT3 receptors. Current Pharmaceutical Design, 12(28), 3615–3630.</ref>.

== Medical Implications ==

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 == Function ==
-This receptor plays a role in multiple processes throughout the brain and gastrointestinal tract. First, this receptor is responsible for altering anxiety levels. Research has indicated that several  5-HT3 antagonists are responsible for lowering anxiety. These antagonists prevent serotonin from binding to the receptor and increase the level of serotonin in the synapse, ultimately lowering anxiety levels (Kurhe, Radhakrishnan, Thangaraj, & Gupta, 2014). Second, these receptors play a role in emesis. These receptors can be found at the end of the vagus nerve located in the digestive tract, and when serotonin binds there is a stimulation of the vomiting reflex causing individuals to become ill (“Serotonin - Receptors and effects”).  Finally, 5-HT3 receptors are bound to mucosal endings in the stomach and upon their activation can trigger motor neurons found in the intestine (Galligan, 2002). Depending on what the function of the motor neurons are, processes like secretion and peristalsis can be altered.
+This receptor plays a role in multiple processes throughout the brain and gastrointestinal tract. First, this receptor is responsible for altering anxiety levels. Research has indicated that several  5-HT3 antagonists are responsible for lowering anxiety. These antagonists prevent serotonin from binding to the receptor and increase the level of serotonin in the synapse, ultimately lowering anxiety levels<ref name="gupta">Gupta, D., Thangaraj, D., & Radhakrishnan, M. (2016). A novel 5HT3 antagonist 4i (N-(3-chloro-2-methylphenyl)quinoxalin-2-carboxamide) prevents diabetes-induced depressive phenotypes in mice: Modulation of serotonergic system. Behavioural Brain Research, 297, 41-50. doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2015.10.007</ref>. Second, these receptors play a role in emesis. These receptors can be found at the end of the vagus nerve located in the digestive tract, and when serotonin binds there is a stimulation of the vomiting reflex causing individuals to become ill<ref name="sero">Serotonin - Receptors and effects. (n.d.). Retrieved November 14, 2015, from http://www.pharmacorama.com/en/Sections/Serotonin_2_2.php</ref>.  Finally, 5-HT3 receptors are bound to mucosal endings in the stomach and upon their activation can trigger motor neurons found in the intestine<ref name="galligan">Galligan, J. J. (2002). Ligand-gated ion channels in the enteric nervous system. Neurogastroenterology & Motility, 14(6), 611-623. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2982.2002.00363.x</ref>. Depending on what the function of the motor neurons are, processes like secretion and peristalsis can be altered.
-As previously mentioned this receptor has both extracellular and transmembrane domains, each serving a different function. The extracellular domain operates through ligand binding in which competitive inhibitors can bind and interfere with carrying out the functions mentioned. The transmembrane domain serves to help with ion selectivity and electrical conductance and if altered can also affect signaling of any of the processes mentioned (Thompson & Lummis, 2006).
+As previously mentioned this receptor has both extracellular and transmembrane domains, each serving a different function. The extracellular domain operates through ligand binding in which competitive inhibitors can bind and interfere with carrying out the functions mentioned. The transmembrane domain serves to help with ion selectivity and electrical conductance and if altered can also affect signaling of any of the processes mentioned<ref name="thompson">Thompson, A. J., & Lummis, S. C. R. (2006). 5-HT3 receptors. Current Pharmaceutical Design, 12(28), 3615–3630.</ref>.
 == Medical Implications ==