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While 5-HT3 is a serotonin receptor, it also has the unique ability to regulate the release of other neurotransmitters, like dopamine. This is useful in the treatment of psychotic disorders such as schizophrenia, which is directly related to high levels of dopamine. Some anti-psychotic medications like Ondansetron and Clozapine are 5-HT3 antagonists; meaning it inhibits the receptor’s ability to function and in turn reduces the amount of serotonin and dopamine utilized by the body <ref name="thompson" />. By normalizing the concentration of dopamine in the body, the psychotic symptoms of schizophrenia diminish.

Anxiety, depression, and aggression have been linked to the 5-HT3 receptor. A study conducted by Morrison, Ricci, and Melloni (2015)<ref name="more">Morrison, T. R., Ricci, L. A., & Melloni, R. H., Jr. (2015). Aggression and anxiety in adolescent AAS-treated hamsters: A role for 5HT3 receptors. Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior, 134, 85-91. doi:10.1016/j.pbb.2015.05.001</ref> demonstrated that when anabolic androgenic steroid (AAS) – a steroid that has similar effects as testosterone; increases aggressive behavior and decreases anxiousness– was injected into hamsters, the amount of 5-HT3 receptors in areas of the brain known to be associated with anxiety and aggression decreased. They also found that AAS-induced anxiety could be negatated with the activation of 5-HT3 receptors ~~(Morrison et al., 2015)~~. However, other studies have shown that by deleting the 5-HT3 receptor gene in mice, anxious behavior increased ~~(Thompson & Lummis 2009)~~. It is possible that the 5-HT3 receptor plays a role in both instigating and inhibiting anxiolytic behaviors, but more research needs to be done to be conclusive. The 5-HT3 receptor has also been linked to depression. In a study conducted on mice with diabetes-induced depression, it was found that by administering a 5-HT3 antagonist, serotonin levels were able to normalize and depressive symptoms decreased ~~(Gupta, Thangaraj & Radhakrishnan, 2015)~~.

Anxiety, depression, and aggression have been linked to the 5-HT3 receptor. A study conducted by Morrison, Ricci, and Melloni (2015)<ref name="more">Morrison, T. R., Ricci, L. A., & Melloni, R. H., Jr. (2015). Aggression and anxiety in adolescent AAS-treated hamsters: A role for 5HT3 receptors. Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior, 134, 85-91. doi:10.1016/j.pbb.2015.05.001</ref> demonstrated that when anabolic androgenic steroid (AAS) – a steroid that has similar effects as testosterone; increases aggressive behavior and decreases anxiousness– was injected into hamsters, the amount of 5-HT3 receptors in areas of the brain known to be associated with anxiety and aggression decreased. They also found that AAS-induced anxiety could be negatated with the activation of 5-HT3 receptors<ref name="more" />. However, other studies have shown that by deleting the 5-HT3 receptor gene in mice, anxious behavior increased<ref name="thompson" />. It is possible that the 5-HT3 receptor plays a role in both instigating and inhibiting anxiolytic behaviors, but more research needs to be done to be conclusive. The 5-HT3 receptor has also been linked to depression. In a study conducted on mice with diabetes-induced depression, it was found that by administering a 5-HT3 antagonist, serotonin levels were able to normalize and depressive symptoms decreased<ref name="gupta">.

Another way the 5-HT3 receptor has been used in medicine is by aiding in the treatment of substance abuse. When human subjects with an alcohol or morphine addictions were administered a 5-HT3 antagonist, their levels of drug consumption decreased drastically (Thompson & Lummis, 2009). However, this decrease was not shown in subjects addicted to psychostimulants like cocaine. Most research done on treatment for addiction is on the level of cognitive behavioral changes implemented by a psychologist. By adding an 5-HT3 antagonist to the treatment plan in addition to cognitive behavioral therapy, the rate of relapse in patients can be predicted to decrease tremendously.

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 While 5-HT3 is a serotonin receptor, it also has the unique ability to regulate the release of other neurotransmitters, like dopamine. This is useful in the treatment of psychotic disorders such as schizophrenia, which is directly related to high levels of dopamine. Some anti-psychotic medications like Ondansetron and Clozapine are 5-HT3 antagonists; meaning it inhibits the receptor’s ability to function and in turn reduces the amount of serotonin and dopamine utilized by the body <ref name="thompson" />. By normalizing the concentration of dopamine in the body, the psychotic symptoms of schizophrenia diminish.
-Anxiety, depression, and aggression have been linked to the 5-HT3 receptor. A study conducted by Morrison, Ricci, and Melloni (2015)<ref name="more">Morrison, T. R., Ricci, L. A., & Melloni, R. H., Jr. (2015). Aggression and anxiety in adolescent AAS-treated hamsters: A role for 5HT3 receptors. Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior, 134, 85-91. doi:10.1016/j.pbb.2015.05.001</ref> demonstrated that when anabolic androgenic steroid (AAS) – a steroid that has similar effects as testosterone; increases aggressive behavior and decreases anxiousness– was injected into hamsters, the amount of 5-HT3 receptors in areas of the brain known to be associated with anxiety and aggression decreased. They also found that AAS-induced anxiety could be negatated with the activation of 5-HT3 receptors (Morrison et al., 2015). However, other studies have shown that by deleting the 5-HT3 receptor gene in mice, anxious behavior increased (Thompson & Lummis 2009). It is possible that the 5-HT3 receptor plays a role in both instigating and inhibiting anxiolytic behaviors, but more research needs to be done to be conclusive. The 5-HT3 receptor has also been linked to depression. In a study conducted on mice with diabetes-induced depression, it was found that by administering a 5-HT3 antagonist, serotonin levels were able to normalize and depressive symptoms decreased (Gupta, Thangaraj & Radhakrishnan, 2015).
+Anxiety, depression, and aggression have been linked to the 5-HT3 receptor. A study conducted by Morrison, Ricci, and Melloni (2015)<ref name="more">Morrison, T. R., Ricci, L. A., & Melloni, R. H., Jr. (2015). Aggression and anxiety in adolescent AAS-treated hamsters: A role for 5HT3 receptors. Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior, 134, 85-91. doi:10.1016/j.pbb.2015.05.001</ref> demonstrated that when anabolic androgenic steroid (AAS) – a steroid that has similar effects as testosterone; increases aggressive behavior and decreases anxiousness– was injected into hamsters, the amount of 5-HT3 receptors in areas of the brain known to be associated with anxiety and aggression decreased. They also found that AAS-induced anxiety could be negatated with the activation of 5-HT3 receptors<ref name="more" />. However, other studies have shown that by deleting the 5-HT3 receptor gene in mice, anxious behavior increased<ref name="thompson" />. It is possible that the 5-HT3 receptor plays a role in both instigating and inhibiting anxiolytic behaviors, but more research needs to be done to be conclusive. The 5-HT3 receptor has also been linked to depression. In a study conducted on mice with diabetes-induced depression, it was found that by administering a 5-HT3 antagonist, serotonin levels were able to normalize and depressive symptoms decreased<ref name="gupta">.
 Another way the 5-HT3 receptor has been used in medicine is by aiding in the treatment of substance abuse. When human subjects with an alcohol or morphine addictions were administered a 5-HT3 antagonist, their levels of drug consumption decreased drastically (Thompson & Lummis, 2009). However, this decrease was not shown in subjects addicted to psychostimulants like cocaine. Most research done on treatment for addiction is on the level of cognitive behavioral changes implemented by a psychologist. By adding an 5-HT3 antagonist to the treatment plan in addition to cognitive behavioral therapy, the rate of relapse in patients can be predicted to decrease tremendously.