User:Daniel Schemenauer/Sandbox 1: Difference between revisions
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= metabotropic Glutamate Receptor 5 ''Homo sapiens''= | = metabotropic Glutamate Receptor 5 ''Homo sapiens''= | ||
== Introduction == | == Introduction == | ||
G-coupled protein receptors [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G_protein–coupled_receptor GPCR's] are trans-membrane proteins that are integral to cell signaling. The human genome encodes for approximately 750 GPCR's, 350 of which are known to respond to extracellular ligands.<ref name="GPCRRep">PMID: 12679517 </ref>. GPCR's are divided into four major classes based on sequence similarity and transduction mechanism: Class A,B,C, and F<ref name="MSGPCR">PMID:23407534</ref>. Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor 5 (mGlu<sub>5</sub>) is a class C GPCR that is involved in the G<sub>q</sub> pathway <ref name="CCGPCR">PMID:12782243</ref>. mGlu<sub>5</sub> is highly expressed in neuronal and glial cells in the central nervous system, where glutamate serves as the major neurotransmitter. When glutamate binds to the extracellular domain of mGlu<sub>5</sub> consisting of the Venus Fly Trap <ref name="Primary">PMID: 25042998 </ref>, a conformational change through the trans-membrane domains activates the coupled G-protein. This G-protein disassociates and the alpha subunit activates [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phospholipase_C Phospholipase C] which has the final outcome of increased neuronal activity<ref name="MSGPCR">PMID:23407534</ref>. | G-coupled protein receptors [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G_protein–coupled_receptor GPCR's] are trans-membrane proteins that are integral to cell signaling. The human genome encodes for approximately 750 GPCR's, 350 of which are known to respond to extracellular ligands.<ref name="GPCRRep">PMID: 12679517 </ref>. GPCR's are divided into four major classes based on sequence similarity and transduction mechanism: Class A,B,C, and F<ref name="MSGPCR">PMID:23407534</ref>. Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor 5 (mGlu<sub>5</sub>) is a class C GPCR that is involved in the G<sub>q</sub> pathway <ref name="CCGPCR">PMID:12782243</ref>. mGlu<sub>5</sub> is highly expressed in neuronal and glial cells in the central nervous system, where glutamate serves as the major neurotransmitter. When glutamate binds to the extracellular domain of mGlu<sub>5</sub> consisting of the Venus Fly Trap motif <ref name="Primary">PMID: 25042998 </ref>, a conformational change through the trans-membrane domains activates the coupled G-protein. This G-protein disassociates and the alpha subunit activates [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phospholipase_C Phospholipase C] which has the final outcome of increased neuronal activity<ref name="MSGPCR">PMID:23407534</ref>. | ||
== Structure == | == Structure == | ||
