Sandbox Reserved 1170: Difference between revisions
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=== Mechanisms of Insulin Secretion === | === Mechanisms of Insulin Secretion === | ||
One proposed pathway of insulin secretion by hGPR40 involves the activation of the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gq_alpha_subunit G<sub>aq/11</sub>] protein complex. This complex then activates [[phospholipase C]] (PLC) which in turn phosphorylates [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phosphatidylinositol_4,5-bisphosphate phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate] to inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate (IP<sub>3</sub>) and diacylglycerol (DAG). | One proposed pathway of insulin secretion by hGPR40 involves the activation of the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gq_alpha_subunit G<sub>aq/11</sub>] protein complex. This complex then activates [[phospholipase C]] (PLC) which in turn phosphorylates [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phosphatidylinositol_4,5-bisphosphate phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate] to inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate (IP<sub>3</sub>) and diacylglycerol (DAG). IP<sub>3</sub> can then mediate the [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3560308/ influx of Ca<sup>2+</sup>] caused by the binding of free fatty acids to hGPR40 by moving into the cytoplasm, binding to the endoplasmic reticulum, and allowing for the release of Ca<sup>2+</sup> into the cytosol.<ref name="Burant"/> This increase in [Ca<sup>2+</sup>] amplifies the similar increase in [Ca<sup>2+</sup>] that results from high concentrations of glucose. In this way, hGPR40 mimics glucose dependent insulin secretion.<ref name="Itoh">PMID:12629551</ref> | ||
Another pathway through which hGPR40 may induce insulin expression is through phospholipase D1 (PLD1). When free fatty acids bind to hGPR40, it is able to phosphorylate and therefore activate PLD1. The PLD1 plays a role in controlling the organization of an actin network that plays in role in insulin secretion.<ref name="Burant"/> | Another pathway through which hGPR40 may induce insulin expression is through phospholipase D1 (PLD1). When free fatty acids bind to hGPR40, it is able to phosphorylate and therefore activate PLD1. The PLD1 plays a role in controlling the organization of an actin network that plays in role in insulin secretion.<ref name="Burant"/> | ||
