Sandbox Reserved 1174: Difference between revisions
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== Function == | == Function == | ||
Of the six LPA G-protein coupled receptors, Lysophosphatidic acid recptor 1 (LPA<sub>1</sub>) is the most widely expressed.<ref name= "Mills"/> LPA,<sub>1</sub> is coupled to a heterotrimeric G protein on the intracellular side of the cell membrane. The three G alpha proteins that LPA<sub>1</sub> couples to are G<sub>i</sub>, G<sub>q</sub>, and G<sub>12/13</sub>.<ref name= "Moolenaar"> DOI: 10.1002/bies.20081 </ref> From these three G proteins many signal transduction pathways are activated. The downstream effects of G<sub>i</sub> include cell proliferation, survival, and migration.<ref name= "Mills"/> G<sub>i</sub> leads to cell proliferation by the activation of the RAS-mediated MAPK cascade. <ref name= "Mills"> DOI:10.1038/nrc1143 </ref> The alpha subunit G<sub>q</sub> signals the inhibition of gap-junctional communication. The pathways activated by G<sub>12/13</sub> include cell proliferation and morphology. These downstream functions show the wide array of effects that LPA can have on the body. Targeted deletion of LPA receptors has had an effect on every organ system examined.<ref name= "Chrencik"/> | Of the six LPA G-protein coupled receptors, Lysophosphatidic acid recptor 1 (LPA<sub>1</sub>) is the most widely expressed.<ref name= "Mills"/> LPA,<sub>1</sub> is coupled to a heterotrimeric G protein on the intracellular side of the cell membrane. The three G alpha proteins that LPA<sub>1</sub> couples to are G<sub>i</sub>, G<sub>q</sub>, and G<sub>12/13</sub>.<ref name= "Moolenaar"> DOI: 10.1002/bies.20081 </ref> From these three G proteins many signal transduction pathways are activated. The downstream effects of G<sub>i</sub> include cell proliferation, survival, and migration.<ref name= "Mills"/> G<sub>i</sub> leads to cell proliferation by the activation of the RAS-mediated MAPK cascade. <ref name= "Mills"> DOI:10.1038/nrc1143 </ref> The alpha subunit G<sub>q</sub> signals the inhibition of gap-junctional communication. The pathways activated by G<sub>12/13</sub> include cell proliferation and morphology.<ref name= "Mills"/> These downstream functions show the wide array of effects that LPA can have on the body. Targeted deletion of LPA receptors has had an effect on every organ system examined.<ref name= "Chrencik"/> | ||
LPA<sub>1</sub> is part of the larger EDG (endothelial differentiation gene) family which includes the sphingosine 1-phosphate receptors. Significantly more research has been done on S1P<sub>1</sub> than other receptors in this family. S1P<sub>1</sub> is coupled to the same heterotrimeric G protein that LPA<sub>1</sub> is, and both receptors are involved in growth-related activity and cytoskeletal functions. <ref name= "Joetzl" > PMID:9837849 </ref> | LPA<sub>1</sub> is part of the larger EDG (endothelial differentiation gene) family which includes the sphingosine 1-phosphate receptors. Significantly more research has been done on S1P<sub>1</sub> than other receptors in this family. S1P<sub>1</sub> is coupled to the same heterotrimeric G protein that LPA<sub>1</sub> is, and both receptors are involved in growth-related activity and cytoskeletal functions. <ref name= "Joetzl" > PMID:9837849 </ref> | ||
