Sandbox Reserved 1170: Difference between revisions

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== Background ==
== Background ==
Human G-protein coupled receptor 40 (hGPR40), also known as free fatty acid 1 receptor (FFAR1), is a seven helical transmembrane domain receptor for long-chain free [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fatty_acid fatty acids] that stimulates [[insulin]] secretion.<ref name="Srivastava">PMID:25043059</ref> Some known fatty acid substrates of hGPR40 include [http://www.news-medical.net/health/What-is-Linoleic-Acid.aspx linoleic acid], [http://www.livestrong.com/article/438717-what-is-oleic-acid/ oleic acid], [http://www.hmdb.ca/metabolites/hmdb02925 eicosatrienoic acid], and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palmitoleic_acid palmitoleic acid]<ref name="Morgan">PMID:19660440</ref>. This protein is primarily located in the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beta_cell pancreatic β-cells] in the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pancreatic_islets islets of Langerhans], and as such, it has become a target for potential [http://www.diabetes.org/living-with-diabetes/treatment-and-care/ Type II Diabetes treatments].<ref name="Kebede">PMID:22308370</ref> Activation of hGPR40 has been shown to both stimulate insulin secretion and decrease glucose concentration.<ref name="Ma">PMID:26620255</ref> GPR40 is a member of a group of homologous [[GPCRs]] all located on chromosome 19q13.1 including GPR41, 42, and 43.<ref name="Burant">PMID:23882043</ref>
Human G-protein coupled receptor 40 (hGPR40), also known as free fatty acid 1 receptor (FFAR1), is a seven helical transmembrane domain receptor for long-chain free [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fatty_acid fatty acids]. hGPR40 stimulates [[insulin]] secretion.<ref name="Srivastava">PMID:25043059</ref> Some known fatty acid substrates of hGPR40 include [http://www.news-medical.net/health/What-is-Linoleic-Acid.aspx linoleic acid], [http://www.livestrong.com/article/438717-what-is-oleic-acid/ oleic acid], [http://www.hmdb.ca/metabolites/hmdb02925 eicosatrienoic acid], and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palmitoleic_acid palmitoleic acid]<ref name="Morgan">PMID:19660440</ref>. This protein is primarily located in the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beta_cell pancreatic β-cells] in the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pancreatic_islets islets of Langerhans], and as such, it has become a target for potential [http://www.diabetes.org/living-with-diabetes/treatment-and-care/ Type II Diabetes treatments].<ref name="Kebede">PMID:22308370</ref> Type II diabetes is especially relevant because the cells have become desensitized to insulin and free fatty acids. Activation of hGPR40 stimulates insulin secretion and decrease glucose concentration.<ref name="Ma">PMID:26620255</ref> GPR40 is a member of a group of homologous [[GPCRs]] all located on chromosome 19q13.1 including GPR41, 42, and 43.<ref name="Burant">PMID:23882043</ref>




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