Nos1: Difference between revisions

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== Location ==

The ~~human~~ gene NOS1, ~~found on chromosome 12~~, encodes for a nitric oxide synthase ~~which is ubiquitously expressed~~. Nitric oxide synthases consume L-arginine to ~~produce~~ nitric oxide. The ~~chemical equation~~ is shown below.

The gene NOS1, expressed by plants and animals, encodes for an enzyme in the nitric oxide synthase family. Nitric oxide synthases consume L-arginine and molecular oxygen to form the free radical nitric oxide, which is then used in a wide range of molecular and biological processes as a signaling molecule <ref>Hou, YC; Janczuk, A; Wang, PG (1999). "Current trends in the development of nitric oxide donors". Current pharmaceutical design 5 (6): 417–41.</ref> The reaction catalyzed by nitric oxide synthase is shown below.

2 L-arginine + 3 NADPH + 4 O(2) = 2 L- citrulline + 2 nitric oxide + 3 NADP(+) + 4 H(2)O

2 L-arginine + 3 NADPH + 4 O(2) = 2 L- citrulline + 2 nitric oxide + 3 NADP(+) + 4 H(2)O<ref>Knowles RG, Moncada S (March 1994). "Nitric oxide synthases in mammals". Biochem. J. 298 (2): 249–58. PMC 1137932. PMID 7510950.</ref>

Nitric oxide is used in a wide variety of processes. A few examples of molecular processes include heme binding, NADP binding, calcium signaling, and oxidation-reduction reactions. Biological examples include regulation of cardiac muscle contraction, blood coagulation, aging, and regulation of neurogenesis <ref>UniProt Consortium 2009, ‘UniProtKB - P29475 (NOS1_HUMAN),’ UniProtKB Protein Knowledgebase</ref>. There are three known isoforms known for NOS1 in humans produced by alternative splicing, as well as four natural transcript variants for NOS1. The alternatively-spliced isoforms are reffered to as neuronal NOS (nNOS or NOS1), endothelial NOS (eNOS or NOS3), and cytokine-inducible NOS (iNOS or NOS2). Moderate expression of NOS1 has been observed in skeletal muscle, brain, testicular, lung, and kidney tissue. Low expression has been observed in heart, adrenal gland, and retinal tissues <ref>Ward ME, Toporsian M, Scott JA, et al. Hypoxia induces a functionally significant and translationally efficient neuronal NO synthase mRNA variant. Journal of Clinical Investigation. 2005;115(11):3128-3139. doi:10.1172/JCI20806.</ref>.

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@@ Line 4: / Line 4: @@
 == Location ==
-The human gene NOS1, found on chromosome 12, encodes for a nitric oxide synthase which is ubiquitously expressed. Nitric oxide synthases consume L-arginine to produce nitric oxide. The chemical equation is shown below.
+The gene NOS1, expressed by plants and animals, encodes for an enzyme in the nitric oxide synthase family. Nitric oxide synthases consume L-arginine and molecular oxygen to form the free radical nitric oxide, which is then used in a wide range of molecular and biological processes as a signaling molecule <ref>Hou, YC; Janczuk, A; Wang, PG (1999). "Current trends in the development of nitric oxide donors". Current pharmaceutical design 5 (6): 417–41.</ref> The reaction catalyzed by nitric oxide synthase is shown below.
-L-arginine + 3 NADPH + 4 O(2) = 2 L- citrulline + 2 nitric oxide + 3 NADP(+) + 4 H(2)O
+L-arginine + 3 NADPH + 4 O(2) = 2 L- citrulline + 2 nitric oxide + 3 NADP(+) + 4 H(2)O<ref>Knowles RG, Moncada S (March 1994). "Nitric oxide synthases in mammals". Biochem. J. 298 (2): 249–58. PMC 1137932. PMID 7510950.</ref>
 Nitric oxide is used in a wide variety of processes. A few examples of molecular processes include heme binding, NADP binding, calcium signaling, and oxidation-reduction reactions. Biological examples include regulation of cardiac muscle contraction, blood coagulation, aging, and regulation of neurogenesis <ref>UniProt Consortium 2009, ‘UniProtKB - P29475 (NOS1_HUMAN),’ UniProtKB Protein Knowledgebase</ref>. There are three known isoforms known for NOS1 in humans produced by alternative splicing, as well as four natural transcript variants for NOS1. The alternatively-spliced isoforms are reffered to as neuronal NOS (nNOS or NOS1), endothelial NOS (eNOS or NOS3), and cytokine-inducible NOS (iNOS or NOS2).  Moderate expression of NOS1 has been observed in skeletal muscle, brain, testicular, lung, and kidney tissue. Low expression has been observed in heart, adrenal gland, and retinal tissues <ref>Ward ME, Toporsian M, Scott JA, et al. Hypoxia induces a functionally significant and translationally efficient neuronal NO synthase mRNA variant. Journal of Clinical Investigation. 2005;115(11):3128-3139. doi:10.1172/JCI20806.</ref>.