Nos1: Difference between revisions
From Proteopedia
Jump to navigationJump to search
No edit summary |
No edit summary |
||
| Line 4: | Line 4: | ||
== Location == | == Location == | ||
In humans, three nitric oxide synthase isoforms are expressed which include NOS1 (neuronal NOS or nNOS), NOS2 (inducible NOS or iNOS), and NOS3 (endothelial NOS or eNOS).<ref>Stuehr DJ. (May 1999) "Mammalian nitric oxide synthases". Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1411 (2–3): 217–30. doi:10.1016/S0005-2728(99)00016-X. PMID 10320659.</ref> NOS1 is located on chromosome 12<ref name="know">Knowles RG, Moncada S. (March 1994) "Nitric oxide synthases in mammals". Biochem. J. 298 (2): 249–58. PMC 1137932. PMID 7510950.</ref> and is expressed in all tissues but has displayed high expression in skeletal muscle as well as in brain, testicular, lung, and kidney tissues.<ref name="ward">Ward ME, Toporsian M, Scott JA, et al. (2005) Hypoxia induces a functionally significant and translationally efficient neuronal NO synthase mRNA variant. Journal of Clinical Investigation. 115(11):3128-3139. doi:10.1172/JCI20806.</ref> Moderate expression has also been observed in heart, adrenal gland, and retinal tissues.<ref name="ward"/> | In humans, three nitric oxide synthase isoforms are expressed which include NOS1 (neuronal NOS or nNOS), NOS2 (inducible NOS or iNOS), and NOS3 (endothelial NOS or eNOS).<ref>Stuehr DJ. (May 1999) "Mammalian nitric oxide synthases". Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1411 (2–3): 217–30. doi:10.1016/S0005-2728(99)00016-X. PMID 10320659.</ref> NOS1 is located on chromosome 12<ref name="know">Knowles RG, Moncada S. (March 1994) "Nitric oxide synthases in mammals". Biochem. J. 298 (2): 249–58. PMC 1137932. PMID 7510950.</ref> and is expressed in all tissues but has displayed high expression in skeletal muscle as well as in brain, testicular, lung, and kidney tissues.<ref name="ward">Ward ME, Toporsian M, Scott JA, et al. (2005) Hypoxia induces a functionally significant and translationally efficient neuronal NO synthase mRNA variant. Journal of Clinical Investigation. 115(11):3128-3139. doi:10.1172/JCI20806.</ref> Moderate expression has also been observed in heart, adrenal gland, and retinal tissues.<ref name="ward"/> The top ten out of 448 tissues with the highest expression of NOS1 are shown here, all of which are either brain tissue, skeletal muscles, or eye muscles.<ref>Genevisible (ND) 'Expression of P29475' [online] available at https://genevisible.com/tissues/HS/UniProt/P29475</ref> [[Image:PhpPcDTc3AM.jpg]] | ||
Figure 1. Microarray expression data for human NOS1 across 448 tissues. | |||
Nitric oxide synthases consume L-arginine and molecular oxygen to form the free radical nitric oxide (NO), which acts as a signaling molecule in a wide range of molecular and biological processes.<ref>Hou, YC; Janczuk, A; Wang, PG. (1999) "Current trends in the development of nitric oxide donors". Current pharmaceutical design 5 (6): 417–41.</ref> NOS1 is suggested to be a membrane-bound enzyme as its activity was observed to be localized to plasma membranes. NOS1 activity is directly associated with neuronal dendritic spines and to sarcolemma of skeletal and cardiac muscle cells according to multiple localization studies.<ref>M Hecker, A Mulsch, R Busse. (1994) Subcellular localization and characterization of neuronal nitric oxide synthase. J. Neurochem., 62, pp. 1524–1529</ref><ref>Beigi F, Oskouei BN, Zheng M, Cooke CA, Lamirault G, Hare JM. (2009) Cardiac nitric oxide synthase-1 localization within the cardiomyocyte is accompanied by the adaptor protein, CAPON. Nitric Oxide. 21:226–233. doi: 10.1016/j.niox.2009.09.005.</ref><ref>Barouch LA, Harrison RW, Skaf MW, Rosas GO, Cappola TP, Kobeissi ZA, et al. (2002) Nitric oxide regulates the heart by spatial confinement of nitric oxide synthase isoforms. Nature. 416:337–9. doi: 10.1038/416337a</ref> The reaction catalyzed by nitric oxide synthase is shown below.<ref name="know"/> | Nitric oxide synthases consume L-arginine and molecular oxygen to form the free radical nitric oxide (NO), which acts as a signaling molecule in a wide range of molecular and biological processes.<ref>Hou, YC; Janczuk, A; Wang, PG. (1999) "Current trends in the development of nitric oxide donors". Current pharmaceutical design 5 (6): 417–41.</ref> NOS1 is suggested to be a membrane-bound enzyme as its activity was observed to be localized to plasma membranes. NOS1 activity is directly associated with neuronal dendritic spines and to sarcolemma of skeletal and cardiac muscle cells according to multiple localization studies.<ref>M Hecker, A Mulsch, R Busse. (1994) Subcellular localization and characterization of neuronal nitric oxide synthase. J. Neurochem., 62, pp. 1524–1529</ref><ref>Beigi F, Oskouei BN, Zheng M, Cooke CA, Lamirault G, Hare JM. (2009) Cardiac nitric oxide synthase-1 localization within the cardiomyocyte is accompanied by the adaptor protein, CAPON. Nitric Oxide. 21:226–233. doi: 10.1016/j.niox.2009.09.005.</ref><ref>Barouch LA, Harrison RW, Skaf MW, Rosas GO, Cappola TP, Kobeissi ZA, et al. (2002) Nitric oxide regulates the heart by spatial confinement of nitric oxide synthase isoforms. Nature. 416:337–9. doi: 10.1038/416337a</ref> The reaction catalyzed by nitric oxide synthase is shown below.<ref name="know"/> | ||
