Sandbox WWC1: Difference between revisions

Botulinum Toxin (BTX) is produced by three species of obligate anaerobe bacterium, primarily ''Clostridium botulism'', but ''Clostridium baratii'' and ''Clostridium butyricum'' also produce the protein <ref name="Hall"> PMID: 3988908</ref> <ref name="Aureli"> PMID: 3722863</ref> <ref name="Arnon". PMID: 11209178</ref>. ''Clostridium botulism'' is commonly found in soil, marine sediments, and the gut of grazing animals <ref name="Ward"> PMID: 5340653</ref> <ref name="Smith"> PMID: 355208</ref> <ref>Sugiyama H. Clostridium botulinum neurotoxin. Microbiol Rev. 1980;44:419–448. 28. Dodds KL. Clostridium botulinum in the environment. In: Hauschild AHW </ref> <ref>Dodds KL, eds. Clostridium botulinum—Ecology and Control in Foods. New York, NY: Marcel Dekker, Inc; 1992: 21–51. 29. </ref> <ref name="Popoff"> PMID: 8542750</ref>  .BTX is only produced by these bacteria when there are anaerobic conditions that induce spore germination. Once produced, the protein can have toxic effects on animals and humans by causing botulism, a potentially fatal illness. BTX is also the active component of Botox.