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== Disease ==

Of the seven serotypes of BTX, the forms that most often cause botulism in humans are A, B, and E <ref~~> arnon SS, Schechter r, inglesby tV, et al. botulinum toxin as a biological weapon: medical and public health management. JAMA. 2001;285:1059–1070.<~~/~~ref~~>. Humans can be exposed to the neurotoxin through inhalation, ingestion, or surface wounds. Within 12 to 72 hours of exposure to BTX, the inhibition of acetylcholine signaling at nerve synapses creates symptoms of vomiting, nausea, diarrhea, blurred vision, ptosis, dysarthria and dysphagia, and finally weakness of muscles beginning with the head and moving down to the lower extremities <ref> Dembek, Z. F.; Smith, L. A.; Rusnak, J. Botulinum Toxin. In Medical Aspects of Biological Warfare; 2007.</ref>. If not treated, BTX can cause death due to respiratory failure or due to complications when on prolonged medical ventilation.

Of the seven serotypes of BTX, the forms that most often cause botulism in humans are A, B, and E <ref name="Arnon" /> Humans can be exposed to the neurotoxin through inhalation, ingestion, or surface wounds. Within 12 to 72 hours of exposure to BTX, the inhibition of acetylcholine signaling at nerve synapses creates symptoms of vomiting, nausea, diarrhea, blurred vision, ptosis, dysarthria and dysphagia, and finally weakness of muscles beginning with the head and moving down to the lower extremities <ref> Dembek, Z. F.; Smith, L. A.; Rusnak, J. Botulinum Toxin. In Medical Aspects of Biological Warfare; 2007.</ref>. If not treated, BTX can cause death due to respiratory failure or due to complications when on prolonged medical ventilation.

The lethal doses for a human weighing 70 kg is 0.09-0.15 μg when administered intravenously or intramuscularly, 0.70 - 0.90 μg through inhalation, and 70 μg orally <ref>  Franz DR, Pitt LM, Clayton MA, Hanes MA, Rose KJ. Efficacy of prophylactic and therapeutic administration of antitoxin for inhalation botulism. In: DasGupta BR, ed. Botulinum and Tetanus Neurotoxins: Neurotransmission and Biomedical Aspects. New York, NY: Plenum Press; 1993:473-476. </ref> <ref>  Herrero BA, Ecklung AE, Streett CS, Ford DF, King JK. Experimental botulism in monkeys: a clinical pathological study. Exp Mol Pathol. 1967;6:84-95.</ref>.

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 == Disease ==
-Of the seven serotypes of BTX, the forms that most often cause botulism in humans are A, B, and E <ref> arnon SS, Schechter r, inglesby tV, et al. botulinum toxin as a biological weapon: medical and public health management. JAMA. 2001;285:1059–1070.</ref>. Humans can be exposed to the neurotoxin through inhalation, ingestion, or surface wounds. Within 12 to 72 hours of exposure to BTX, the inhibition of acetylcholine signaling at nerve synapses creates symptoms of vomiting, nausea, diarrhea, blurred vision, ptosis, dysarthria and dysphagia, and finally weakness of muscles beginning with the head and moving down to the lower extremities <ref> Dembek, Z. F.; Smith, L. A.; Rusnak, J. Botulinum Toxin. In Medical Aspects of Biological Warfare; 2007.</ref>. If not treated, BTX can cause death due to respiratory failure or due to complications when on prolonged medical ventilation.
+Of the seven serotypes of BTX, the forms that most often cause botulism in humans are A, B, and E <ref name="Arnon" /> Humans can be exposed to the neurotoxin through inhalation, ingestion, or surface wounds. Within 12 to 72 hours of exposure to BTX, the inhibition of acetylcholine signaling at nerve synapses creates symptoms of vomiting, nausea, diarrhea, blurred vision, ptosis, dysarthria and dysphagia, and finally weakness of muscles beginning with the head and moving down to the lower extremities <ref> Dembek, Z. F.; Smith, L. A.; Rusnak, J. Botulinum Toxin. In Medical Aspects of Biological Warfare; 2007.</ref>. If not treated, BTX can cause death due to respiratory failure or due to complications when on prolonged medical ventilation.
 The lethal doses for a human weighing 70 kg is 0.09-0.15 μg when administered intravenously or intramuscularly, 0.70 - 0.90 μg through inhalation, and 70 μg orally <ref> 	Franz DR, Pitt LM, Clayton MA, Hanes MA, Rose KJ. Efficacy of prophylactic and therapeutic administration of antitoxin for inhalation botulism. In: DasGupta BR, ed. Botulinum and Tetanus Neurotoxins: Neurotransmission and Biomedical Aspects. New York, NY: Plenum Press; 1993:473-476. </ref> <ref> 	Herrero BA, Ecklung AE, Streett CS, Ford DF, King JK. Experimental botulism in monkeys: a clinical pathological study. Exp Mol Pathol. 1967;6:84-95.</ref>.