Sandbox WWC6: Difference between revisions
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[[Hemolysins]] [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hemolysin#.CE.B1-hemolysin] are a lipid or protein toxins secreted by pathogens that lyse erythrocyte and some bacterial cell membranes. These toxins belong to a family of microbial exotoxins called cytolysins, which act on a broad number of cells[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/P09616]. The primary function of peptide hemolysins is pore formation at the cell membranes creating acytolytic effect, and is achieved by the release of cytosolic K<sup>+</sup> ions through the hydrophilic, transmembrane portion of the beta-barrel pore[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0041010101001532]. | [[Hemolysins]] [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hemolysin#.CE.B1-hemolysin] are a lipid or protein toxins secreted by pathogens that lyse erythrocyte and some bacterial cell membranes. These toxins belong to a family of microbial exotoxins called cytolysins, which act on a broad number of cells[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/P09616]. The primary function of peptide hemolysins is pore formation at the cell membranes creating acytolytic effect, and is achieved by the release of cytosolic K<sup>+</sup> ions through the hydrophilic, transmembrane portion of the beta-barrel pore[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0041010101001532]. | ||
<Structure load='7AHL' size='350' frame='true' align='right' caption='Stapholococcal alpha-hemolysin' scene='Insert optional scene name here' /> | |||
== Function == | |||
== | ''Hemolysins'' are most commonly proteins found in red blood cells that selectively allow for the diffusion of potassium ions across the membrane. <ref >https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hemolysin#cite_note-pmid20692229-3</ref> or lipid biosurfactants that disrupt membrane composition resulting in cell lysis. These proteins are important for some erythrocyte nutrient accession, but cause massive erythrocyte destruction in bacterial infection, specifically responsible forhemolytic anemia, which causes fatigue, pain, arrythmias, and even heart failure in affected individuals.<ref>http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/ha/</ref> Each hemolysin pore is composed of three subunits: the alpha subunit, which is the transmembrane ion channel, and two beta subunits that modulate channel gating and regulate the channel expression in the membrane. <ref name ="beta">PMID: 11486343</ref> <ref name = "sod"/> The alpha subunit is able to function independently of the beta subunit. <ref name = "beta"/> | ||
==Function== | ==Function== | ||
