Zepatier: Difference between revisions

Line 20:

== Disease in Humans ==

Hepatitis C~~[http://www.cdc.gov/hepatitis/hcv/index.htm]~~ is a viral infection that causes inflammation of the liver and decreasing liver functioning. First isolated by Michael Houghton in 1989, hepatitis C was discovered to encode a single polyprotein of 3,000 amino acids later cleaved into 10 polypeptides. Polypeptides produced include p7 ion channel proteins, the core protein, glycoproteins envelope 1 (E1) and envelope 2 (E2), and nonstructural proteins NS1, NS2, NS3, NS4A, NS5A, and NS5B. The 5’ untranslated region of HCV is not capped, allowing it to fold into a complex secondary RNA structure hereby creating an internal ribosome entry site that is able to direct ribosomal subunits and cellular factors, and as a result, translation. Development of cell culture based model systems have allowed for the study of the HCV lifecycle <ref>Chevaliez, S.; Pawlotsky, J. M. Virology of hepatitis C virus infection. Best Pract. Res. Clin. Gastroenterol.2012, 26, 381-389.</ref>.

Hepatitis C is a viral infection that causes inflammation of the liver and decreasing liver functioning. First isolated by Michael Houghton in 1989, hepatitis C was discovered to encode a single polyprotein of 3,000 amino acids later cleaved into 10 polypeptides. Polypeptides produced include p7 ion channel proteins, the core protein, glycoproteins envelope 1 (E1) and envelope 2 (E2), and nonstructural proteins NS1, NS2, NS3, NS4A, NS5A, and NS5B. The 5’ untranslated region of HCV is not capped, allowing it to fold into a complex secondary RNA structure hereby creating an internal ribosome entry site that is able to direct ribosomal subunits and cellular factors, and as a result, translation. Development of cell culture based model systems have allowed for the study of the HCV lifecycle <ref>Chevaliez, S.; Pawlotsky, J. M. Virology of hepatitis C virus infection. Best Pract. Res. Clin. Gastroenterol.2012, 26, 381-389.</ref>.

HCV is transmitted exclusively through blood whereupon the virus travels to the hepatocytes of the liver to undergo rapid replication. This results in the inflammation of the liver, leading to decreased function and/or liver failure. HCV induces an immune response within the infected individual which commonly fails to restrict the development of chronicity.

HCV is transmitted exclusively through blood whereupon the virus travels to the hepatocytes of the liver to undergo rapid replication. This results in the inflammation of the liver, leading to decreased function and/or liver failure. HCV induces an immune response within the infected individual which commonly fails to restrict the development of chronicity. For more information on HCV click here [http://www.cdc.gov/hepatitis/hcv/index.htm].

While six distinct genotype of HCV were discovered, genotypes 1 is the most prevalent amongst populations and the most difficult to treat. Increased resistance of the virus at the M28, Q30, L31, or Y93 amino acids results in decreased effectiveness of pharmaceuticals against genotype 1. Genotype 1 results from the infection of human lymphoid cells by the virus. Genotype 4 has recently increased in prevalence, resulting in attempts to decrease transmission.

Navigation menu

Page actions

Page actions

Personal tools

Navigation

Search

Tools

@@ Line 20: / Line 20: @@
 == Disease in Humans ==
-Hepatitis C[http://www.cdc.gov/hepatitis/hcv/index.htm] is a viral infection that causes inflammation of the liver and decreasing liver functioning. First isolated by Michael Houghton in 1989, hepatitis C was discovered to encode a single polyprotein of 3,000 amino acids later cleaved into 10 polypeptides. Polypeptides produced include p7 ion channel proteins, the core protein, glycoproteins envelope 1 (E1) and envelope 2 (E2), and nonstructural proteins NS1, NS2, NS3, NS4A, NS5A, and NS5B. The 5’ untranslated region of HCV is not capped, allowing it to fold into a complex secondary RNA structure hereby creating an internal ribosome entry site that is able to direct ribosomal subunits and cellular factors, and as a result, translation. Development of cell culture based model systems have allowed for the study of the HCV lifecycle <ref>Chevaliez, S.; Pawlotsky, J. M. Virology of hepatitis C virus infection. Best Pract. Res. Clin. Gastroenterol.2012, 26, 381-389.</ref>.
+Hepatitis C is a viral infection that causes inflammation of the liver and decreasing liver functioning. First isolated by Michael Houghton in 1989, hepatitis C was discovered to encode a single polyprotein of 3,000 amino acids later cleaved into 10 polypeptides. Polypeptides produced include p7 ion channel proteins, the core protein, glycoproteins envelope 1 (E1) and envelope 2 (E2), and nonstructural proteins NS1, NS2, NS3, NS4A, NS5A, and NS5B. The 5’ untranslated region of HCV is not capped, allowing it to fold into a complex secondary RNA structure hereby creating an internal ribosome entry site that is able to direct ribosomal subunits and cellular factors, and as a result, translation. Development of cell culture based model systems have allowed for the study of the HCV lifecycle <ref>Chevaliez, S.; Pawlotsky, J. M. Virology of hepatitis C virus infection. Best Pract. Res. Clin. Gastroenterol.2012, 26, 381-389.</ref>.
-HCV is transmitted exclusively through blood whereupon the virus travels to the hepatocytes of the liver to undergo rapid replication. This results in the inflammation of the liver, leading to decreased function and/or liver failure. HCV induces an immune response within the infected individual which commonly fails to restrict the development of chronicity.
+HCV is transmitted exclusively through blood whereupon the virus travels to the hepatocytes of the liver to undergo rapid replication. This results in the inflammation of the liver, leading to decreased function and/or liver failure. HCV induces an immune response within the infected individual which commonly fails to restrict the development of chronicity. For more information on HCV click here [http://www.cdc.gov/hepatitis/hcv/index.htm].
 While six distinct genotype of HCV were discovered, genotypes 1 is the most prevalent amongst populations and the most difficult to treat. Increased resistance of the virus at the M28, Q30, L31, or Y93 amino acids results in decreased effectiveness of pharmaceuticals against genotype 1. Genotype 1 results from the infection of human lymphoid cells by the virus. Genotype 4 has recently increased in prevalence, resulting in attempts to decrease transmission.