Zepatier: Difference between revisions

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== Disease in Humans ==

Hepatitis C [http://www.cdc.gov/hepatitis/hcv/index.htm] is a viral infection that causes inflammation of the liver and ~~decreasing~~ liver functioning. First isolated by Michael Houghton in 1989, hepatitis C was discovered to encode a single polyprotein of 3,000 amino acids later cleaved into 10 polypeptides. Polypeptides produced include p7 ion channel proteins, the core protein, glycoproteins envelope 1 (E1) and envelope 2 (E2), and nonstructural proteins NS1, NS2, NS3, NS4A, NS5A, and NS5B. The 5’ untranslated region of HCV is not capped, allowing it to fold into a complex secondary RNA structure hereby creating an internal ribosome entry site that is able to direct ribosomal subunits and cellular factors, and as a result, translation<ref>Tan, S.-L. Hepatitis C viruses: genomes and molecular biology; Horizon bioscience: Wymondham, 2006.</ref>. Development of cell culture based model systems have allowed for the study of the HCV lifecycle <ref>Chevaliez, S.; Pawlotsky, J. M. Virology of hepatitis C virus infection. Best Pract. Res. Clin. Gastroenterol.2012, 26, 381-389.</ref>.

Hepatitis C [http://www.cdc.gov/hepatitis/hcv/index.htm] is a viral infection that causes inflammation of the liver and decreases liver functioning. First isolated by Michael Houghton in 1989, hepatitis C was discovered to encode a single polyprotein of 3,000 amino acids which is later cleaved into 10 polypeptides. Polypeptides produced include p7 ion channel proteins, the core protein, glycoproteins envelope 1 (E1) and envelope 2 (E2), and nonstructural proteins NS1, NS2, NS3, NS4A, NS5A, and NS5B. The 5’ untranslated region of HCV is not capped, allowing it to fold into a complex secondary RNA structure hereby creating an internal ribosome entry site that is able to direct ribosomal subunits and cellular factors, and as a result, translation<ref>Tan, S.-L. Hepatitis C viruses: genomes and molecular biology; Horizon bioscience: Wymondham, 2006.</ref>. Development of cell culture based model systems have allowed for the study of the HCV lifecycle <ref>Chevaliez, S.; Pawlotsky, J. M. Virology of hepatitis C virus infection. Best Pract. Res. Clin. Gastroenterol.2012, 26, 381-389.</ref>.

HCV is transmitted exclusively through blood whereupon the virus travels to the hepatocytes of the liver to undergo rapid replication<ref>Tan, S.-L. Hepatitis C viruses: genomes and molecular biology; Horizon bioscience: Wymondham, 2006.</ref>. This results in the inflammation of the liver, leading to decreased function and/or liver failure. HCV induces an immune response within the infected individual which commonly fails to restrict the development of chronicity.

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 == Disease in Humans ==
-Hepatitis C [http://www.cdc.gov/hepatitis/hcv/index.htm] is a viral infection that causes inflammation of the liver and decreasing liver functioning. First isolated by Michael Houghton in 1989, hepatitis C was discovered to encode a single polyprotein of 3,000 amino acids later cleaved into 10 polypeptides. Polypeptides produced include p7 ion channel proteins, the core protein, glycoproteins envelope 1 (E1) and envelope 2 (E2), and nonstructural proteins NS1, NS2, NS3, NS4A, NS5A, and NS5B. The 5’ untranslated region of HCV is not capped, allowing it to fold into a complex secondary RNA structure hereby creating an internal ribosome entry site that is able to direct ribosomal subunits and cellular factors, and as a result, translation<ref>Tan, S.-L. Hepatitis C viruses: genomes and molecular biology; Horizon bioscience: Wymondham, 2006.</ref>. Development of cell culture based model systems have allowed for the study of the HCV lifecycle <ref>Chevaliez, S.; Pawlotsky, J. M. Virology of hepatitis C virus infection. Best Pract. Res. Clin. Gastroenterol.2012, 26, 381-389.</ref>.
+Hepatitis C [http://www.cdc.gov/hepatitis/hcv/index.htm] is a viral infection that causes inflammation of the liver and decreases liver functioning. First isolated by Michael Houghton in 1989, hepatitis C was discovered to encode a single polyprotein of 3,000 amino acids which is later cleaved into 10 polypeptides. Polypeptides produced include p7 ion channel proteins, the core protein, glycoproteins envelope 1 (E1) and envelope 2 (E2), and nonstructural proteins NS1, NS2, NS3, NS4A, NS5A, and NS5B. The 5’ untranslated region of HCV is not capped, allowing it to fold into a complex secondary RNA structure hereby creating an internal ribosome entry site that is able to direct ribosomal subunits and cellular factors, and as a result, translation<ref>Tan, S.-L. Hepatitis C viruses: genomes and molecular biology; Horizon bioscience: Wymondham, 2006.</ref>. Development of cell culture based model systems have allowed for the study of the HCV lifecycle <ref>Chevaliez, S.; Pawlotsky, J. M. Virology of hepatitis C virus infection. Best Pract. Res. Clin. Gastroenterol.2012, 26, 381-389.</ref>.
 HCV is transmitted exclusively through blood whereupon the virus travels to the hepatocytes of the liver to undergo rapid replication<ref>Tan, S.-L. Hepatitis C viruses: genomes and molecular biology; Horizon bioscience: Wymondham, 2006.</ref>. This results in the inflammation of the liver, leading to decreased function and/or liver failure. HCV induces an immune response within the infected individual which commonly fails to restrict the development of chronicity.