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=Dimethylarginine Dimethylaminohydrolase=
=Dimethylarginine Dimethylaminohydrolase=
<StructureSection load='2CI3' size='340' side='right' caption='Dimethylarginine Dimethylaminohydrolase' scene='75/752351/Ddah/1'>
<StructureSection load='2CI3' size='340' side='right' caption='Dimethylarginine Dimethylaminohydrolase' scene='75/752351/Ddah/1'>
__NOTOC__
__NOTOC__
==Introduction==
==Introduction==
Dimethylarginine Dimethyaminohydrolase <span class="plainlinks">[http://www.chem.qmul.ac.uk/iubmb/enzyme/EC3/5/3/18.html EC 3.5.3.18]</span> (commonly known as DDAH) is a member of the <span class="plainlinks">[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrolase hydrolase]</span> family of enzymes which use water to break down molecules <ref name="palm">Palm F, Onozato ML, Luo Z, Wilcox CS. Dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase (DDAH): expression, regulation, and function in the cardiovascular and renal systems. American Journal of Physiology. 2007 Dec 1;293(6):3227-3245. PMID:<span class="plainlinks">[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17933965 17933965]</span> doi:<span class="plainlinks">[http://ajpheart.physiology.org/content/293/6/H3227 10.1152/ajpheart.00998.2007]</span></ref>. Additionally, DDAH is a <span class="plainlinks">[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nitric_oxide_synthase nitric oxide synthase (NOS)]</span> regulator. It metabolizes free arginine derivatives, namely <span class="plainlinks">[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asymmetric_dimethylarginine N<sup>Ѡ</sup>,N<sup>Ѡ</sup>-dimethyl-L-arginine (ADMA)]</span> and <span class="plainlinks">[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methylarginine N<sup>Ѡ</sup>-methyl-L-arginine (MMA)]</span> which competitively inhibit NOS <ref name="tran">Tran CTL, Leiper JM, Vallance P. The DDAH/ADMA/NOS pathway. Atherosclerosis Supplements. 2003 Dec;4(4):33-40. PMID:<span class="plainlinks">[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14664901 14664901]</span> doi:<span class="plainlinks">[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1567568803000321 10.1016/S1567-5688(03)00032-1]</span></ref>. DDAH converts MMA or ADMA to two products: <span class="plainlinks">[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Citrulline L-citrulline]</span> and an amine <ref name="frey">Frey D, Braun O, Briand C, Vasak M, Grutter MG. Structure of the mammalian NOS regulator dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase: a basis for the design of specific inhibitors. Structure. 2006 May;14(5):901-911. PMID:<span class="plainlinks">[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16698551 16698551]</span> doi:<span class="plainlinks">[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0969212606001717 10.1016/j.str.2006.03.006]</span></ref> (Figure 1). DDAH is expressed in the cytosol of cells in humans, mice, rates, sheep, cattle, and bacteria <ref name="palm" />. DDAH activity has been localized mainly to the brain, kidney, pancreas, and liver in these organisms. Presented in this page is information from DDAH isoform 1; however, there are two different isoforms <ref name="frey" />.
Dimethylarginine Dimethyaminohydrolase <span class="plainlinks">[http://www.chem.qmul.ac.uk/iubmb/enzyme/EC3/5/3/18.html EC 3.5.3.18]</span> (commonly known as DDAH) is a member of the <span class="plainlinks">[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrolase hydrolase]</span> family of enzymes which use water to break down molecules <ref name="palm">Palm F, Onozato ML, Luo Z, Wilcox CS. Dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase (DDAH): expression, regulation, and function in the cardiovascular and renal systems. American Journal of Physiology. 2007 Dec 1;293(6):3227-3245. PMID:<span class="plainlinks">[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17933965 17933965]</span> doi:<span class="plainlinks">[http://ajpheart.physiology.org/content/293/6/H3227 10.1152/ajpheart.00998.2007]</span></ref>. Additionally, DDAH is a <span class="plainlinks">[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nitric_oxide_synthase nitric oxide synthase (NOS)]</span> regulator. It metabolizes free arginine derivatives, namely <span class="plainlinks">[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asymmetric_dimethylarginine N<sup>Ѡ</sup>,N<sup>Ѡ</sup>-dimethyl-L-arginine (ADMA)]</span> and <span class="plainlinks">[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methylarginine N<sup>Ѡ</sup>-methyl-L-arginine (MMA)]</span> which competitively inhibit NOS <ref name="tran">Tran CTL, Leiper JM, Vallance P. The DDAH/ADMA/NOS pathway. Atherosclerosis Supplements. 2003 Dec;4(4):33-40. PMID:<span class="plainlinks">[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14664901 14664901]</span> doi:<span class="plainlinks">[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1567568803000321 10.1016/S1567-5688(03)00032-1]</span></ref>. DDAH converts MMA or ADMA to two products: <span class="plainlinks">[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Citrulline L-citrulline]</span> and an amine <ref name="frey">Frey D, Braun O, Briand C, Vasak M, Grutter MG. Structure of the mammalian NOS regulator dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase: a basis for the design of specific inhibitors. Structure. 2006 May;14(5):901-911. PMID:<span class="plainlinks">[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16698551 16698551]</span> doi:<span class="plainlinks">[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0969212606001717 10.1016/j.str.2006.03.006]</span></ref> (Figure 1). DDAH is expressed in the cytosol of cells in humans, mice, rates, sheep, cattle, and bacteria <ref name="palm" />. DDAH activity has been localized mainly to the brain, kidney, pancreas, and liver in these organisms. Presented in this page is information from DDAH isoform 1; however, there are two different isoforms <ref name="frey" />.
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