3evj is a 2 chain structure with sequence from Homo sapiens. Full crystallographic information is available from OCA. For a guided tour on the structure components use FirstGlance.
[ANT3_HUMAN] Defects in SERPINC1 are the cause of antithrombin III deficiency (AT3D) [MIM:613118]. AT3D is an important risk factor for hereditary thrombophilia, a hemostatic disorder characterized by a tendency to recurrent thrombosis. AT3D is classified into 4 types. Type I: characterized by a 50% decrease in antigenic and functional levels. Type II: has defects affecting the thrombin-binding domain. Type III: alteration of the heparin-binding domain. Plasma AT-III antigen levels are normal in type II and III. Type IV: consists of miscellaneous group of unclassifiable mutations.[1] [:][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22] [:][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35]
Function
[ANT3_HUMAN] Most important serine protease inhibitor in plasma that regulates the blood coagulation cascade. AT-III inhibits thrombin, matriptase-3/TMPRSS7, as well as factors IXa, Xa and XIa. Its inhibitory activity is greatly enhanced in the presence of heparin.[36]
Evolutionary Conservation
Check, as determined by ConSurfDB. You may read the explanation of the method and the full data available from ConSurf.
Publication Abstract from PubMed
Antithrombin (AT) is the most important inhibitor of coagulation proteases. Its activity is stimulated by glycosaminoglycans, such as heparin, through allosteric and template mechanisms. AT utilises an induced-fit mechanism to bind with high affinity to a pentasaccharide sequence found in about one-third of heparin chains. The conformational changes behind this mechanism have been characterised by several crystal structures of AT in the absence and in the presence of pentasaccharide. Pentasaccharide binding ultimately results in a conformational change that improves affinity by about 1000-fold. Crystal structures show several differences, including the expulsion of the hinge region of the reactive centre loop from beta-sheet A, which is known to be critical for the allosteric activation of AT. Here, we present data that reveal an energetically distinct intermediate on the path to full activation where the majority of conformational changes have already occurred. A crystal structure of this intermediate shows that the hinge region is in a native-like state in spite of having the pentasaccharide bound in the normal fashion. We engineered a disulfide bond to lock the hinge in its native position to determine the energetic contributions of the initial and final conformational events. Approximately 60% of the free-energy contribution of conformational change is provided by the final step of hinge-region expulsion and subsequent closure of the main beta-sheet A. A new analysis of the individual structural changes provides a plausible mechanism for propagation of conformational change from the heparin binding site to the remote hinge region in beta-sheet A.
The critical role of hinge-region expulsion in the induced-fit heparin binding mechanism of antithrombin.,Langdown J, Belzar KJ, Savory WJ, Baglin TP, Huntington JA J Mol Biol. 2009 Mar 13;386(5):1278-89. PMID:19452598[37]
From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.
References
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↑Langdown J, Belzar KJ, Savory WJ, Baglin TP, Huntington JA. The critical role of hinge-region expulsion in the induced-fit heparin binding mechanism of antithrombin. J Mol Biol. 2009 Mar 13;386(5):1278-89. PMID:19452598
